Волинський національний університет імені Лесі Українки

Центр інноваційних технологій та компютерного тестування

Тест ::: 2025 Біологія, СО (Біологія та здоров'я людини), Лабораторна діагностика, СО (Природничі науки) 4 курс (іспит 8 семестр)

Розробники:
Дата генерації: 05.05.2025

Тема :: Прийменник

Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The lymphatic system is made _____ of a network of vessels.
- at
- for
- up
- by
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____ the stomach, food travels into the small intestine.
- Through
- From
- At
- In
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
All organisms are composed ____ the fundamental unit cell.
- in
- on
- with
- of
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Viruses depend ___ a host cell to reproduce.
- for
- on
- in
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
DNA is the genetic material ______ all living things.
- for
- with
- of
- in
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The cork cambium is formed ____ nature plants and yields bark.
- in
- for
- by
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose ____ pyruvic acid.
- with
- for
- in
- into
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Zoology deals ____ animal studies.
- about
- with
- of
- for
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Biology is subdivided into separate branches ______ convenience of study.
- in
- with
- for
- into
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Individual organism was studied ___ a whole in a field known as organismic biology.
- in
- on
- as
- for
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The concept of homeostasis was first suggested _____ the 19th century by French physiologist Claude Bernard.
- during
- about
- in
- on
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Living matter has ability to replicate and transmit genetic information from parent ____ offspring.
- to
- in
- for
- out
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Nature selects for survival those that are best able to cope _____ changing conditions in the environment.
- for
- of
- with
- out
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
A diversity of life exists ____ species and within every population.
- between
- during
- near
- across
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
A mutation depends _____ the interaction of the mutant offspring with its environment.
- out
- about
- upon
- in
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The life processes of every organism are carried _____ by specific materials.
- in
- of
- out
- at
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____ the seedless vascular plants, there are ferns.
- In
- Of
- Among
- Between
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____ hundreds of years there were speculation concerning the basic structure of both plants and animals.
- For
- Beside
- Beyond
- Between
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The pyramid of life is a hierarchical structure _____ the organization of life.
- in
- with
- for
- of
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____ the 6th century BC about 960 medical plants were used.
- In
- At
- On
- Under
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus postulated that the living things _____ the world are made of water.
- in
- for
- at
- on
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Alcmaeon may be considered the founder _____ embryology.
- of
- for
- as
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Hippocrates was concerned _____ the philosophical question of how space was created.
- on
- with
- of
- up
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Aristotle divided bloodless animals _____ cephalopods, the higher crustaceans, the insects and testaceans.
- to
- for
- on
- into
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Aristotle realized the importance _____ structural homology.
- of
- for
- on
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Theophrastus distinguished ____ morphology and therapeutic use of plants.
- among
- between
- of
- out
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The ancient scientists Herophilus dissected human bodies and compared them _____ the other large mammals.
- with
- out
- for
- to
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Muslim physician Avicenna was an outstanding scientist who lived _____ the 10th and 11th century.
- in
- during
- before
- between
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Spanish theologian and physician discovered the pulmonary circulation of the blood from the right chamber of the heart _____ the lungs.
- out
- from
- for
- to
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
An anonymous person invented spectacles _____ the improvement of vision probably in the 1200s.
- against
- out
- to
- for
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____ addition, Malpighi made detailed investigations in plant anatomy.
- On
- To
- Of
- In
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Scientists are looking ____ medicines to treat the ebola virus.
- against
- to
- for
- out of
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Cells range ________ size from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- in
- for
- between
- into
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained ______ a membrane.
- within
- on
- below
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated ____ the rest of the cell.
- in
- off
- for
- from
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
DNA in a prokaryotic cell is coiled ____ in a region called the nucleoid.
- of
- upon
- up
- on
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
_____average, prokaryotic cells are about 10 times smaller in diameter than eukaryotic cells.
- In
- Of
- On
- With
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Prokaryotic cells contain a few organelles and none that are bound _____ a membrane.
- on
- with
- in
- by
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Most prokaryotic cells reproduce ____ a process called binary fission.
- within
- in
- by
- during
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Biogenesis theory states that all living cells arise ____ existing cells.
- from
- in
- against
- of
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Tissues are groups of cells _____ both a shared structure and function.
- of
- within
- with
- from
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The cell membrane regulates the crossing of chemicals in and ____ of the cell.
- from
- on
- within
- out
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The waste combines _____ water to form urine.
- in
- by
- with
- to
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The bronchioles end _____ the air sacs.
- under
- off
- in
- with
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Neo-Darwinism is based _____ the work of the 19th-century naturalist Charles Darwin.
- by
- on
- with
- under
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
How do modern primates differ _____ their ancestral primates?
- in
- from
- on
- by
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Viruses are _____ the border-line between the living and the dead.
- beyond
- within
- in
- on
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Many microbes are responsible _____ beneficial processes.
- for
- in
- to
- of
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
Lymph capillaries begin at the spaces _____ cells throughout the body.
- around
- from
- in
- beyond
Виберіть правильний прийменник:
The left ventricle propels the blood _____ the aortic valve into the aorta.
- in
- through
- within
- from

Тема :: Текст

Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Evolution is _______ of biological populations over successive generations. _______ give rise to diversity at every biological organization level. Charles Darwin formulated the scientific _______. Evolution is based on anthropology, psychology, astrophysics, chemistry, geology, physics, mathematics and other scientific disciplines. Today life diversity on earth is _______. Life on earth began at least four billion years ago. In the beginning, all living things on earth were _______.
After several years multicellular organism increased day by day.
1. theory of evolution through natural selection
2. single-celled organism
3. the result of evolution
4. Evolutionary processes
5. age-old enemies
6. the change in heritable traits
7. yellow fever in man
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Today, the most accepted theory of _______. There are many evident facts, which prove this theory. Evolution can be described _______. Dinosaur fossils are significant evidence of evolution and of past life on earth. Evolution is scientific theory that _______. A scientific theory is _______ experimentations. _______ how events seen in the natural world work. The definition of scientific theory differs from the common meaning of theory.
1. was proposed by Charles Darwin
2. based on observations and
3. biological processes
4. computer modeling
5. life on Earth is evolution
6. This theory explains
7. as a change in species over time
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The world around us changes. This simple fact is obvious everywhere we look. Streams wash dirt and stones from higher places to lower places. _______ fill with weeds. Other changes are more gradual but much more dramatic when viewed over long time scales.
_______ reveal new stars coalescing from galactic dust. The earth itself formed shortly. _______ show that life had emerged on earth by about 3.8 billion years ago. _______ reveals profound changes in the kinds of living things. Trilobites that populated the seas _______ no longer crawl about. Now we live in a world that was once dominated by reptilian giants such as tyrannosaurus rex.
1. Powerful telescopes
2. hundreds of millions of years ago
3. Untended gardens
4. The fossil record
5. primitive microorganisms
6. Fossils of primitive microorganisms
7. formed shortly
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The ancient Greeks _______ the origins of life and changes in species over time. More than 2,500 years ago, the Greek philosopher Anaximander _______ had created the world's organic coherence from a formless condition. He had _______ aquatic species into terrestrial ones. Following the rise of Christianity, westerners generally accepted the explanation provided in genesis. This is the first book of the Judeo-Christian-Muslim bible. It says that _______ in its present form over the course of six days. However, other explanations existed even then. Saint Thomas Aquinas stated that the earth had received the power to produce organisms. He criticized the idea that species _______ with the timetables in genesis.
1. God created everything
2. were speculating about
3. mostly caused by emissions
4. had originated in accordance
5. a modern view of the transformation of
6. the species evolved into a new species
7. thought that a gradual evolution
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
During the early 1800s, many naturalists _______. But although ideas about evolution were proposed, they never gained wide acceptance. No one was able to propose a plausible mechanism for how _______ from one generation to another. In 1858, two English naturalists ‒ Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace simultaneously issued papers proposing such a mechanism. They observed that the individual members of _______. They can differ in many ways. Both men observed that _______ and can be passed on to offspring.
_______ of plant and animal breeders.
1. This conclusion was evident from the experiences
2. the form of an organism might change
3. reproduce in their particular environment
4. speculated about changes in organisms
5. many of these differences are inherited
6. as well as for the species found as fossils
7. a particular species are not identical
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Darwin and Wallace realized _______; the size of the overall population usually remains about the same. Thus, an oak tree _______, but only few of them will survive to become full-grown trees. Darwin presented _______ in his 1859 book “On the Origin of Species”. He proposed _______ between offspring that survive and reproduce and those that do not. A process when nature would select the individuals best suited to particular environments _______. But Darwin had found the answer about what is the ultimate source of variation.
1. was called natural selection
2. that most species produce an abundance of offspring
3. the case for evolution in detail
4. did not publish them until Wallace came to similar conclusions
5. might produce thousands of acorns each year
6. that there will be differences
7. had originated in accordance
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Darwin did not know that a contemporary, Gregory Mendel, had provided an important part of the solution. In his work _______, Mendel demonstrated that organisms acquire traits through discrete units of heredity. Later these units _______. Mendel's paper _______. In 1890 his work rediscovered and contributed to a growing wave of interest and research in genetics. In 1930s a group of biologists _______. They showed that all variations arose _______ in genes. Evolution depends both on genetic mutations and on natural selection.
1. were called genes
2. single celled organism
3. extended evolutionary theory
4. describing crossbreeding of varieties of peas
5. was all forgotten
6. through changes or mutations
7. could both buttress
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The mystery for biologists was the question _______. The most important source of new species is _______. This is the process in which barriers to gene flow can be created. The interposition of a major mountain barrier or the origin of an intermediate desert might create the needed isolation. _______ is set of oceanic islands, distant from the mainland. The interchange between their _______. These are ideal circumstances allowing populations of the same species to diverge from one
another _______.
1. under the influence of natural selection
2. changes course so as to isolate a tributary
3. of how new species are formed
4. the geographical distribution of animals
5. the process of geographical isolation
6. The bright example of formation of new species
7. populations is rare
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
All living things carry genes in the form of DNA.
Genes control how an organism grows and develops, and they are passed _______. When a mother chicken lays lots of eggs, and passes _______, she does so through her genes. Over the last century, scientists have catalogued _______. It turns out that all living things _______ in the same way: they all use the same "genetic code".
What's more, organisms also share many genes. Thousands of genes found in human DNA _______, including plants and even bacteria. These two facts imply that all modern life has descended from a single common ancestor, the "last universal ancestor", which lived billions of years ago.
1. the genes from different species
2. on from parent to offspring
3. that is in every organism's DNA
4. may also be found in the DNA of other creatures
5. that trait onto her offspring
6. of selecting for resistant populations
7. store information in their DNA
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The mutations that lead to changes in an organism are very rarely for the better. In fact, most mutations have either no impact, _______, on the way an organism functions. When bacteria are confined to isolated environments, _______ that get passed on directly to every generation. Over time, this gradually hampers the species. "It really shows the process of evolution," says Moran. "It's not all just adaptation and things getting better, there's also this big potential _______.
What's more, organisms sometimes lose abilities. For instance, animals that live in dark caves _______.
This may seem odd. We tend to think of evolution _______, of species improving and becoming less primitive. But this is not necessarily what happens.
1. often lose their eyes.
2. the bright example of formation of new species
3. or a negative impact
4. the genes from different species
5. as a process of biological betterment
6. they sometimes pick up unwelcome genetic mutations
7. for things to get worse."
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
It was Darwin's genius both to show how all this evidence favored the evolution of species from a common ancestor _______ by which life might evolve. Lamarck and others had promoted evolutionary theories, but in order _______, they depended on speculation. Typically, they claimed that evolution was guided _______. Lamarck, for example, thought that life strove over time to rise _______ to complex ones. Many German biologists conceived of life evolving according to predetermined rules, in the same way an embryo develops in the womb. But in the mid-1800s, Darwin and the British biologist Alfred Russel Wallace _______, even observable, way for life to change: a process Darwin called natural selection.
1. and to offer a plausible mechanism
2. the bright example of formation of new species
3. to explain just how life changed
4. independently conceived of a natural
5. by some long-term trend
6. procedural schemes unify science disciplines
7. from simple single-celled forms
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine. He believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. He devised the hypothesis _______. He postulated that all organs of the body of a parent gave off invisible “seeds”. They were building components _______ during sexual intercourse.
Aristotle emphasized the importance of blood in heredity. He thought that the blood supplied generative material _______. Aristotle's ideas about the role of blood in procreation _______ that somehow the blood is involved in heredity. Today people still speak _______ and of “blood lines” and “blood ties.”
1. and were transmitted
2. of certain traits as being “in the blood”
3. known as pangenesis
4. for the inclusion of evolution
5. were probably the origin of the still prevalent notion
6. procedural schemes unify science disciplines
7. for building all parts of the adult body
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Radiant energy can cause the ionization. This is a process when positively and negatively charged particles _______. DNA is highly susceptible to ionizing radiation. Cells may die because of damage to enzymes or _______. Some cells, _______, are particularly sensitive to radiation. They are the cells of the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, sex glands, and lining of the stomach and intestines. In contrast, permanently non-dividing cells _______ are resistant to radiation. There is effect of radiation in causing certain leukemia, and some genetic disorders. Radiation treatment is used in therapy _______ such as cancer.
1. to cure different diseases
2. such as those that divide actively
3. that reflect local contexts and policies
4. points out that conceptual and procedural schemes unify
5. such as nerve and muscle cells
6. damage the chemical composition of the cells
7. because cells are unable to divide
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Skin is our body's first line of defense against bacteria, viruses, injuries. It controls _______ to the environment, allowing us to sweat. Even goose bumps are part of our skin's regulation system. The tightening of the skin _______. It is trapping warm air close to our skin. The skin _______. It is a living tissue, _______circulatory system underneath. Number of _______ secrete oils and other substances. They keep our skin from drying and cracking. Skin is the largest organ in the body.
1. is a complex material
2. how much heat and water our body loses
3. known as pangenesis
4. that reflect local contexts and policies
5. raises our fine hairs upright
6. which is maintained by the nourishing
7. glands on the outside of our skin
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The total number _______ is estimated at between 5 million and 10 million. About 1.5 million of those species have been described by scientists. The use of classification _______ as the book of genesis. The first scientific _______ with the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He arranged everything along a scale or “ladder of nature”. Nonliving things were at the bottom; plants were placed below animals and humankind was at the top. There were other schemes for grouping species. They include _______, such as wings or fins. They indicate _______ in reproductive structures.
1. large anatomical similarities
2. of extant animal and plant species
3. attempt of classification is connected
4. known as pangenesis
5. of different types of organisms appeared
6. a natural relationship and similarities
7. have been described by scientists
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
In humans, histamine is found in nearly all tissues of the body. It is _______ such as mast cells. The blood cells or basophiles also harbor histamine-containing granules. It is released from its granules _______ within the body. Histamine effects the contraction of smooth muscle of the lungs, uterus and stomach.
Histamine _______ in the immune response.
The effect of histamine is observed in inflammation ‒ the local reaction of tissues to injury caused by damage, infection or allergic reaction. Histamine allows fluid and cells of the immune system, _______. It _______ and begins to fight the infection.
1. has a crucial effect
2. migrates to the site of tissue injury or infection
3. stored in the granules of tissue
4. such as leukocytes leak from the bloodstream
5. are not subject to test and verification
6. has good answers to these questions
7. and produces many varied effects
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The allergic reaction _______ to usually harmless foreign substances. Mast cells release _______. Antibodies bind to the antigens to remove them. In the process, the mast cells are stimulated to release the histamines. This causes the visible symptoms of a localized allergic reaction. Histamine contributes to allergic conditions _______. Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate and fatal response to exposure antigen. Histamine works _______ on the surface of cells. The activity of histamine can be blocked _______ called antihistamines. They are used to treat allergies block h1 receptors. Antagonists are to help heal peptic ulcers.
1. such as anaphylaxis
2. are made synthetically
3. is the immune system's hypersensitivity reaction
4. by binding to histamine receptors
5. histamine in inordinate amounts
6. by various chemical drugs
7. were at one time obtained
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Filoviridae are enveloped virions. They are filaments 650-1.400 nm in length and pleomorphic in shape. Virions _______ with single-stranded negative-sense RNA. The family Filoviridae contains _______, which is the type-specific antigen. The family Filoviridae _______ ‒ filovirus and ebolavirus. The first contains the Marburg viruses. The second contains Ebola viruses.
These viruses have been isolated _______. Both are the most dangerous pathogens. Some strains cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans. The mortality rate from these diseases is as high as 90 percent. Human infections with Marburg virus have been traced to laboratory monkeys. Fatal Ebola virus infection hasn't been traced to monkeys. It is suspected that _______ from fruit-eating trees.
1. consists of two genera
2. from African monkeys
3. known as pangenesis
4. a single glycoprotein
5. these infections are transmitted
6. have been characterized
7. contain nucleocapsid
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
A double helix model for DNA structure was discovered in 1953. This model showed _______. Its strands are involved for synthesis of new DNA molecules. Each of the intertwined strands of DNA is a chain of chemical groups _______. Proteins are strings of amino acids. It was proposed that a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA _______for an amino acid sequence. Molecular biologist Seymour Benzer indicated that the gene is a linear structure. The biologist Sydney Brenner showed that the genetic code must be read _______, called codons. American biochemists _______ triplet coding units and amino acids.
1. in triplets of nucleotides
2. that DNA was capable of self-replication
3. antibiotic were available
4. called nucleotides
5. could contain a code
6. deduced the complete genetic code of all 64 possible
7. these infections are transmitted
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Sir Alexander Fleming is a Scottish bacteriologist. He is best known _______. Fleming _______ and original observation. His work on wound infection and lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme _______ made him famous in the bacteriology. Discovery [of field penicillin in 1928] was the antibiotic revolution. He _______ in 1945. Penicillin was used during world war ii. By 1944 _______ were available to meet the needs of wartime.
1. found in tears and saliva
2. adequate amounts of antibiotic
3. these infections are transmitted
4. received the Noble Prize
5. had a genius for technical ingenuity
6. were building components and were transmitted
7. for his discovery of penicillin
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
One of the most fundamental questions in biology is: _______? According to most biologists, the millions of species living on earth today (including humans) are descended from other species _______. This change has come about by a process called evolution. Evolution happens when the genetic composition (allele frequency) of a population changes _______. When the changes are sufficiently great, _______. A species is a group of closely related organisms _______ to produce fertile offspring.
1. over successive generations
2. were at one time obtained
3. where do all living things come from
4. a new species may be formed
5. are not subject to test and verification
6. that inhabited the world in the past
7. potentially capable of interbreeding
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Many people found it difficult to accept Darwin's ideas, especially the idea _______. However, his theory is supported by so much evidence _______. Evolution by natural selection has become a central theme which underpins much of modern biology. The modern theory of evolution is called Neo-Darwinism _______, particularly from genetics and molecular biology. For example, we know _______ come about by random and spontaneous changes in genes, particularly from mutations in reproductive cells. Despite modifications to Darwin's theory in Neo-Darwinism, _______, or the theory of evolution by the natural selection of inherited characteristics.
1. because it incorporates new scientific evidence
2. that modern humans and apes are probably descended from a common ancestor
3. that DNA was capable of self replication
4. that the variations that are so important in natural selection
5. that the majority of biologists accept it
6. all the genes and their different alleles
7. natural selection is still the driving force behind evolution
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
In evolution, fitness is defined _______ to pass on its alleles to subsequent generations, compared with other individuals of the same species. The “fittest” individual in a population is the _______ that survive to reproduce themselves. Natural selection by “survival of the fittest” means _______ gradually change from generation to generation in response to changes in the environment. As we shall see in the following spreads, _______ by increasing the frequency of alleles that give an advantage, and reducing the frequency of alleles that give a disadvantage. A gene pool is _______ present in an interbreeding population.
1. natural selection affects a gene pool
2. were at one time obtained
3. that the genetic characteristics of a population
4. that DNA was capable of self-replication
5. as the ability of an organism
6. all the genes and their different alleles
7. one that produces the largest number of offspring
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Ever since farming began in the middle east _______, humans have been breeding animals and plants selectively to produce specific desirable qualities. Wheat was probably among the first crop to be cultivated. By selective breeding over thousands of generations, _______ into the modern types which produce much higher yields. In selective breeding, particular individuals are chosen and allowed to breed, whereas others are prevented from breeding. This means that alleles _______ are retained, while those that give undesirable characteristics are eliminated. Artificial selection is _______, in that selection pressure brings about a gradual change in the genotype of a group of organisms. However, in artificial selection it is humans, not environmental factors, _______, gradually bringing about changes in allele frequencies.
1. that act as the selection pressure
2. about 10 000 years ago
3. that give characteristics favoured by humans
4. as the ability of an organism
5. wild wheat has been converted
6. therefore similar to directional selection
7. are not subject to test and verification
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes. They consist of DNA and protein. The telomeres appear _______ in maintaining the stability of the chromosomes, 'sealing' the ends of linear DNA. They have been likened to the tips of shoelaces, _______: to stop the DNA fraying. They also seem to play an important role in regulating cell division. _______, telomeres become shorter and shorter with each cell division. When the telomeres have shortened to a certain critical length, _______.
If the telomeres are removed, the chromosome disintegrates. _______ the ageing process may be linked to telomere damage.
1. to play a vital role
2. the cell stops dividing
3. but a person cannot reach this height
4. It is thought that
5. and have a similar function
6. as the ability of an organism
7. Under normal circumstances
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Genetic variation arises partly from sexual reproduction by a combination _______, and random fertilisation. However, _______ so that new combinations are made. The ultimate source of inherited variations is mutations.
A mutation is a change in the amount or the chemical structure of DNA. If the information contained within the mutated DNA is expressed that is, _______ into a specific polypeptide chain, it can cause a change in the characteristics of an individual cell or an organism. Mutations in the gametes of multicellular organisms can _______. Mutations of the body cells of multicellular organisms are confined to the body cells _______; they are not inherited.
1. derived from the mutated cell
2. these processes merely shuffle the existing pack of genes
3. of independent assortment, crossing over
4. transcribed into mRNA and translated
5. but a person cannot reach this height
6. be inherited by offspring
7. are not subject to test and verification
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The measurable physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism, _______, make up its phenotype. The phenotype results from the interaction _______. The genotype determines the potential of an organism, _______ to which it is exposed determine to what extent this potential is fulfilled. For example, in humans the potential height of a person is genetically determined, _______ without an adequate diet. Phenotypic variation is of two main types: continuous and discontinuous.
In continuous variation, differences are slight and grade into each other. Characteristics _______ show continuous variation, and are usually determined by a large number of genes (they are polygenic) and/or considerable environmental influence.
1. such as human height and weight
2. of the genotype and the environment
3. but a person cannot reach this height
4. therefore similar to directional selection
5. whereas the environmental factors
6. be inherited by offspring
7. whether observable or not
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Genetic differences reflect the genotype of an organism, that is, _______. A diploid organism has _______ and two forms (alleles) of each particular gene. These alleles may be the same or different. _______ (the dominant allele) may mask the other allele (the recessive allele). The dominant allele is therefore expressed _______ or the homozygous condition, whereas the recessive allele is expressed only in the homozygous condition. If an organism is haploid, all its alleles will be expressed and _______ or measurable characters.
1. be inherited by offspring
2. If different, one of the alleles
3. will be reflected in its observable
4. its genetic make-up
5. in either the heterozygous
6. whereas the environmental factors
7. two sets of chromosomes
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Down's syndrome is the most common single cause of learning disability in children of school age. Children with the syndrome typically have _______ that appear to slant upwards. In addition to some learning disability, _______, and heart defects occur in about one-quarter of those with the syndrome. The syndrome is named after John Langdon Down, _______ who first described the condition in 1866. In 1959, the French physician Lejeune used chromosome-staining techniques to show that Down's syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21. The extra chromosome _______ due to non-disjunction of chromosome 21.
In about 3% of cases, Down's syndrome results from translocation of an extra chromosome 21. A region of the chromosome breaks off and re-joins with either _______ or with another non-homologous chromosome. In these cases, a person may have the normal number of chromosomes, but one of the chromosomes will be abnormally long.
1. a round, flat face, and eyelids
2. such as human height and weight
3. a nineteenth century doctor
4. the end of the other chromosome 21
5. usually comes from the egg cell
6. whereas the environmental factors
7. they also have an increased risk of infection
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Nervous systems range from the simple nerve nets of jellyfish and sea anemones, which have no brain and relatively few interconnections, to the nervous system of humans, with brains of staggering complexity. The human brain contains many millions of cells, _______ with thousands of other nerve cells. Their interconnections form circuits, which enable us to control our muscles, think, remember, and even study our own brains.
All the various animal nervous systems are fast-acting communication systems _______, which convey information in the form of nerve impulses. Neurones take various forms _______ and nerve fibres, long extensions that transmit nerve impulses rapidly from one part of the body to another. Fibres carrying impulses away from the cell body _______; those carrying impulses towards the cell body _______. Apart from the main nerve fibre, there may be small dendrons (dendrites) extending from the cell body.
1. are called axons
2. usually comes from the egg cell
3. each of which may communicate
4. but each has a cell body, containing a nucleus,
5. its genetic make-up
6. containing nerve cells, neurones
7. are called dendrons
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Bacteria are microorganisms that do not have a true nucleus; _______ floating within the cell. Bacteria _______ and do not contain very complex cell structures. Generally, bacteria come in three varieties: bacilli (rod-shaped),cocci _______ (spiral-shaped). Bacteria are prevalent in all environments and are _______. They are _______ of dead organic matter into its constituent molecules. For this reason, we call bacteria decomposers.
1. (sphere-shaped), and spirilla
2. can live practically anywhere
3. their genetic material is free
4. responsible for the breakdown
5. important members of an ecosystem
6. doubling its population after each reproduction
7. are very small one-celled organisms
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
To illustrate the importance of bacteria, let's look _______ that is used by organisms to make proteins. We will start _______ decomposed by bacteria. The nitrogen from the plant tissue is released into the atmosphere, and nitrifying bacteria _______. Other bacteria act upon these compounds to form nitrates that plants absorb. When these new plants die, we are back again at the decomposing bacteria _______ into the atmosphere. Bacteria are even in our intestinal tracts _______ and the manufacturing of vitamins. We derive many benefits from bacteria, but they can also cause us to suffer with diseases.
1. that release the plant's nitrogen back
2. when placed in good conditions
3. with dead plants that are being
4. to aid in the digestion of food
5. at the cycling of the element nitrogen
6. converts that nitrogen into ammonia-type compounds
7. can reproduce every 20 or 30 minutes
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Protists are single-celled organisms that have their genetic material _______ and have some specialized structures within their cells. These organisms are considered _______ with cellular nuclei, but they are more evolved than bacteria. They consist of organisms with varied structures and functions, _______. Some of the members are autotrophic and contain chlorophyll, whereas others _______ other organisms. It is believed that early protists were both animal- and plant-like _______ in both ways.
1. to be more primitive than other organisms
2. are heterotrophic and must eat
3. are important parts of food chains
4. contained within a nucleus
5. and some protists cause disease
6. such as amoeba and paramecium
7. because they were able to obtain food
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Every organism needs food, water, and shelter, _______ in which it lives. This area is called an organism's habitat. Within its habitat, an organism has a function or role to play _______. The role of some organisms is to capture sunlight and produce food compounds. We call these organisms plants or autotrophs, _______ who feeds oneself. We also call plants producers _______. Other organisms eat plants and some eat each other. These organisms are called heterotrophs, _______. We also call heterotrophs consumers, and most animals are in this group because they must consume food (they cannot make their own).
1. because they produce their own food
2. to help maintain the community
3. such as pillbugs
4. which means eater of detritus
5. a word that roughly translates as one
6. which must come from the area
7. which means eater of others
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The really fascinating aspect of photosynthesis is _______ is absorbed by plants _______ inanimate compounds that yield an organic foodstuff (the sugar) upon which all life is dependent. This sugar, called glucose, _______ for the formation all living compounds. Plants use other biochemical reactions _______ and herbivore animals that eat plants use glucose and other plant-based compounds to create the molecules they need. Carnivorous animals that eat other animals also form compounds from those food molecules, but at the basis of it all is the capture and conversion of sunlight energy _______.
1. to turn glucose into useful molecules,
2. to be more primitive than other organisms
3. that raw sunlight energy, a very nonliving thing,
4. is the chemical basis
5. into organic matter during photosynthesis
6. to form the chemical bonds between simple,
7. to help maintain the community
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The skeleton is the chief structural system, which, _______ provides form and shape to the body. _______ the skeletal system has 206 bones, most of which are in the hands and feet. The bones of the skeletal system are rigid, but the whole system is flexible _______ where bones are joined.
This system of bones is highly coordinated with the muscular system. The nervous system is responsible for the coordination necessary for such actions _______ or participating in an Olympic decathlon. The skeletal system is a wonderful example of how specialized tissues, collected together _______ are further organized into cooperative groups of interacting systems.
1. as one large system
2. In human beings,
3. as painting fine detail in a picture
4. The muscular and skeletal systems
5. into several different organ systems,
6. along with the skin,
7. because of the joints
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
All muscle tissue consists of cells _______ yet even with this common function, the three types of muscular tissue have different structures. Skeletal (or striated) muscle tissue is consciously _______.The second type is called smooth and is usually not under conscious control. The third type _______ is found only in the heart. Muscles only contract; they do not expand. They work in antagonistic pairs to move a joint or by using peristaltic, _______.
One-celled organisms, _______ in otherwise multicellular animals have the ability to move from place to place. They do this in three different ways: by extending portions of their body, by cilia, and or by flagella.
1. that have evolved to specialize in contracting,
2. do not relocate or move from place to place,
3. is called cardiac and
4. such as protists or even sperm cells,
5. wave-like movement in the intestinal tract
6. engage in lots of other movements.
7. controlled by the central nervous system
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
All living organisms must be _______ and respond appropriately. Changes in the environment are called stimuli. A stimulus may be in _______ (outside the organism) or the internal environment (inside the organism). Sensitivity, _______ is one of the characteristic features of life. Each organism has _______ that improves its chances of survival. A single-celled amoeba, for example, can move away from a harmful stimulus _______and move towards a favourable stimulus such as food molecules, but it can only distinguish between a limited number of different stimuli.
1. as painting fine detail in a picture
2. able to detect changes in their environment
3. such as very bright light,
4. the ability to respond appropriately to stimuli,
5. such as protists or even sperm cells,
6. either the external environment
7. its own specific type of sensitivity
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The endocrine system is adapted _______ to bring about long-lasting responses. The endocrine system consists of a number of glands that secrete hormones. The glands of the endocrine system are called _______ because they secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. Once inside a blood vessel, _______ that it can reach almost any cell in the body. However, each hormone has its own target cells on which it acts. Therefore, _______ each has its own specific effect on the body. In some cases, a target cell has specific receptor molecules on its cell surface membrane which bind the hormone molecule. Once bound onto the membrane, the hormone brings about its response. Endocrine glands occur at strategic points around the body. _______ including blood glucose concentration, gastric secretion, heart rate, metabolism, growth rate, reproduction, and water balance.
1. endocrine glands or ductless glands
2. although all the hormones are transported together in the bloodstream,
3. to convey messages rapidly
4. Their hormones regulate a wide range of activities,
5. so that quick responses can be made.
6. a hormone is carried in the bloodstream so
7. to carry information from one source to many destinations
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
The word respiration is used in two different but related ways in biology. In one sense, respiration _______ and expelling waste gases. We call this form of respiration breathing. However, the chemical reactions of metabolism partly contain _______ to burn food molecules and release the energy of their bonds. This process is more specifically known _______ (or anaerobic when no oxygen is present). All organisms, even single-celled ones, must perform cellular respiration _______ during metabolism to obtain necessary energy to support life functions.
The vertebrate respiratory system contains two parts, the part that conducts air and the gas exchange portion. The trachea, bronchus, and brochials form the tube _______ into the lungs. The alveoli are the site of gas exchange within the lungs.
1. that conducts air from the mouth and nose
2. means the act of bringing air into the lungs
3. (either internal or external)
4. (either aerobically or anaerobically)
5. a set of reactions that use enzymes and oxygen
6. means the act of bringing air from the lungs
7. as cellular aerobic respiration

Тема :: Дефініції

Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A serious disease carried by mosquitoes which causes periods of fever.
- A medical condition in which the temperature of your body is very high and you feel ill.
- A change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy.
- The principal rickettsial disease.
- An illness that people catch very easily from each other but that is not very serious.
Відповідність: TYPHUS; SYMPTOM;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The body's transport system.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
- Brings air into the body.
- A change on the genetic level of a population.
- Excrete the invaders from your body.
Відповідність: EVOLUTION; THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The defense system of the body.
- The process by which biologically evolutionary changes take place.
- The body's transport system.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
- Breaks down food into protein, vitamins and minerals.
Відповідність: THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM; NATURAL SELECTION;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Infective agents that stopped ordinary bacteria.
- The study of heredity and how qualities and characteristics are passed on from one generation to another.
- Puts spots on tobacco leaves.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
- A tiny parasite living, growing and reproducing inside a host cell.
Відповідність: FILTERABLE VIRUSES; GENETICS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Microbes on host cells.
- The part of a cell in a living thing which controls its physical characteristics, growth, and development.
- A microorganism or virus that causes disease.
- An organism that is too small to be seen by the unaided eye.
- Eliminates waste from the gastrointestinal system.
Відповідність: GENE; RICKETTSIA;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A microorganism or virus that causes disease.
- The simplest organism, lacking the cell nucleus found in other microbes.
- The hairy cells.
- A tiny parasite living, growing and reproducing inside a host cell.
- A microscopic living organism.
Відповідність: PATHOGEN; BACTERIA;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
- A tiny parasite living, growing and reproducing inside a host cell.
- The simplest organism, lacking the cell nucleus found in other microbes.
- Heritable characteristic carried by a sex chromosome.
- A microscopic living organism.
Відповідність: VIRUS; AUTOSOME;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A part of a cell in an animal or plant containing genes which determine what characteristics the animal or plant will have.
- A group of proteins which are active in the immune system.
- Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
- A system made of group of glands that produces hormones.
- Excretes the invaders from the body.
Відповідність: INTERFERONS; CHROMOSOME;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A type of white blood cell.
- The study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of chromosomes.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
- The study of heredity.
- A type of red blood cell.
Відповідність: CYTOGENETICS; LYMPHOCYTE;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A chemical substance that is found in living creatures which produces changes in other substances without being changed itself.
- A system made of group of glands that produces hormones.
- A substance that helps the production of antibodies.
- Muscle tissue.
- A fallopian tube.
Відповідність: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ENZYME;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- An unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development.
- Chemicals that control body functions.
- A fallopian tube.
- Tiny hair-like protein.
- Powerful stomach acids.
Відповідність: HORMONES; EMBRYO;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Removal and testing of a small amount of fluid from around the embryo.
- The complete set of genes present in an organism.
- Invisible massagers of tuberculosis.
- A class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species.
- Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Відповідність: GENOME; AMNIOCENTESIS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Viruses that parasites on bacteria.
- Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
- The multiplications of cancer cells.
- Conducts and transmits signals.
- Relaxes cardiac muscles.
Відповідність: ALLELE; BACTERIOPHAGE;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Relationships in which one allele is dominant and the other is recessive.
- The tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
- Relationships in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele.
- Control body functions.
- Fertilized eggs.
Відповідність: COMPLETE DOMINANCE; URETER;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Relationships in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele.
- The system that excretes the invaders from the body.
- Relationships in which one allele is dominant and the other is recessive.
- The brain and the spinal cord.
- The bloodstream.
Відповідність: THE INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM; INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Relationships in which neither allele is dominant, but both alleles for a specific trait are completely expressed.
- Involuntary muscles.
- Veins in our body.
- Relationships in which one allele is dominant and the other is recessive.
- Illness which affects a person.
Відповідність: SMOOTH MUSCLES; CO-DOMINANCE;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that someone or something has.
- Made up of nucleic acid and nucleoproteins.
- A part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical.
- The simplest organism, lacking the cell nucleus found in other microbes.
- A solid, powder, liquid, or gas with particular properties.
Відповідність: TRAIT; THE NUCLEUS OF THE VIRUS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- An acid in the chromosomes of the cells of living things which passes information about protein structure between different cells.
- An organ in the body which produces chemical substances for the body to use or get rid of.
- Complex chemical substances, such as DNA, which are found in living cells.
- The organ inside your head that controls your body's activities.
- A self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.
Відповідність: RIBONUCLEIC ACID; THE GLANDS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
- Carries the nerve impulses to the muscles and glands.
- A packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism.
- The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- Regulates heart beat and digestion.
Відповідність: RIBOSOME; THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A chemical compound which causes chromosomes to double in number.
- Fights infection by sobbing up antigens.
- Processes nerve impulses.
- The defence system against infections and diseases.
- Complex chemical substances, such as DNA, which are found in living cells.
Відповідність: THE IMMUNE RESPONSE; COLCHICINE;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- An organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.
- The product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents.
- The simplest organism, lacking the cell nucleus found in other microbes.
- A tiny parasite living, growing and reproducing inside a host cell.
- All the members of a group of people who have been developed from a previous group.
Відповідність: PARASITE; OFFSPRING;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The application of methods using recombinant DNA to give new genetic traits to an organism by introducing new genes into its cells.
- A group of living organisms whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants.
- Two organs inside your chest which fill with air when you breathe in.
- The scientific study of cells in terms of their structure, function and chemistry.
- The product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents.
Відповідність: SPECIES; GENETIC ENGINEERING;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The evolution of large taxonomic groups such as genera and families.
- Substances which a person's or an animal's body produces in their blood in order to destroy substances which carry disease.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
- Substances that help the production of antibodies.
- All your physical parts, including your head, arms, and legs.
Відповідність: ANTIBODIES; MACROEVOLUTION;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species.
- An organ near your stomach that controls the quality of your blood.
- A cell that is produced in the bodies of female animals and humans.
- The organ inside your body where food is digested.
- The fundamental unit of living organisms.
Відповідність: SPLEEN; GENUS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Something which causes physical or mental suffering.
- A band of strong tissue in a person's body which connects bones.
- A substance that helps the production of antibodies.
- Long parts of a person or animal's body that they use to stand on.
- The 12 pairs of curved bones that surround your chest.
Відповідність: AFFLICTION; LIGAMENT;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A strong cord in a person's or animal's body which joins a muscle to a bone.
- The presence of certain inherited brain and nerve abnormalities.
- The two long parts of your body that are attached to your shoulders and that have your hands at the end.
- A substance that helps the production of antibodies.
- The hard parts inside your body which together form your skeleton.
Відповідність: PHENYLKETONURIA; TENDON;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The mating and production of offspring by animals.
- The tubes in your body through which food passes when it has left your stomach.
- The 12 pairs of curved bones that surround your chest.
- The organ inside your body where food is digested before it moves into the intestines.
- The soft fatty substance inside human or animal bones.
Відповідність: INTESTINE; BREEDING;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A change on the genetic level of a population.
- A substance that helps the production of antibodies.
- The evolution of large taxonomic groups such as genera and families.
- The complete set of genes present in an organism.
- A scientific theory that essentially states species change over time.
Відповідність: MICROEVOLUTION; ANTIGEN;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The purposeful breeding of certain traits over others.
- The process by which features and characteristics are passed on from parents to their children before the children are born.
- The process by which biologically evolutionary changes take place.
- The action of breeding or causaing animals to breed with members of another breed or group.
- The act of selecting of one or more people or things from a group environment.
Відповідність: HEREDITY; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Two tubes which connect your windpipe to your lungs.
- Expressed physical trait that can be seen.
- A group of living organisms whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants.
- The tubes in your body through which food passes when it has left your stomach.
- Any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe.
Відповідність: PHENOTYPE; BRONCHIAL TUBES;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A sphere-shaped bacterium.
- Any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations.
- The evolution of large taxonomic groups such as genera and families.
- A tiny parasite living, growing and reproducing inside a host cell.
- A change on the genetic level of a population.
Відповідність: COCCUS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- A self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.
- Breaks down food into protein, vitamins and minerals.
- An acid in the chromosomes of the cells of living things which passes information about protein structure between different cells.
- Brings air into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
- The tubes in your body through which food passes when it has left your stomach.
Відповідність: DNA; THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The biggest artery.
- The virus that causes mosaic disease in tobacco and related plants.
- The vessel that carries waste products away from the cells.
- Microbes on host cells.
- Tiny blood vessels in your body.
Відповідність: AORTA; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Tiny blood vessels in your body.
- One from whom a person is descended who lived a long time ago.
- The vessel that carries waste products away from the cells.
- The product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents.
- The biggest artery.
Відповідність: CAPILLARIES; ANCESTOR;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The vessel that carries waste products away from the cells.
- A soft fatty tissue that produces red blood cells.
- Tiny blood vessels in your body.
- The biggest artery.
- The red liquid that flows inside your body.
Відповідність: MARROW; VEIN;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Bones of the hind and mid parts of the foot.
- A large network of nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
- Bones of the forefoot.
- An individual nerve cell.
- Small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord.
Відповідність: PLEXUS; TARSALS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Bones between the tarsals and phalanges.
- The long threadlike extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses from the cell body.
- Bones of the forefoot.
- Bones of the hind and mid parts of the foot.
- A large network of nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
Відповідність: AXON; METATARSALS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- An individual nerve cell.
- Small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord.
- The long threadlike extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses from the cell body.
- Carries the nerve impulses to the muscles and glands.
- A large network of nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
Відповідність: GANGLIA; NEURON;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again.
- The almost colourless fluid, containing chiefly white blood cells.
- The pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart.
- A type of white blood cell formed in lymphoid tissue.
- A blood cell of vertebrates that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.
Відповідність: PULMONARY CIRCULATION; LYMPH;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs.
- The pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart.
- The body's ability to recognize and remember specific antigens in an immune response.
- The circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again eryth.
- Fights infection by sobbing up antigens.
Відповідність: SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION; IMMUNITY;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
- A tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
- Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
- A tube where the female's egg is fertilized.
- The tubes in your body through which food passes when it has left your stomach.
Відповідність: URETHRA; ESOPHAGUS;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
- The male sex cell.
- Organ in your chest that pumps the blood around your body.
- Two organs inside your chest which fill with air when you breathe in.
- The female sex cell.
Відповідність: PANCREAS; SPERMATOZOON;
Встановіть відповідність між словом та відповідним йому поясненням:
- The body's ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal environment.
- The process of expelling urine through the urethra.
- The process by which biologically evolutionary changes take place.
- The body's ability to recognize and remember specific antigens in an immune response.
- The process of eliminating waste from the gastrointestinal system.
Відповідність: HOMEOSTASIS; URINATION;

Тема :: Часова форма

Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Human body (to make) of several different systems.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The skeleton system (to shape) the body.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Will you buy an electric car when they (to become) cheaper?
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The skeleton system (to protect) organs.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The artificial chromosome (to remain) independent within host cells.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Smooth muscles (to locate) inside organs.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Each human chromosome (to contain) one very long DNA molecule.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Cardiac muscle (to find) only in the heart.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If the information contained within the mutated DNA (to express), it can cause a change in the characteristics of an individual cell or an organism.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The exact nature of viruses (not to settle) yet.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The information (to store) in genes.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Scientists from Newtown university say they (to find) a new vaccination against malaria.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Telomeres (to locate) at the ends of chromosomes.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I (to try) the honey diet at the moment.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Recently, the microscope (to use) to view DNA directly.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Since I started the diet, I (to lose) a kilo.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The variants that arise by mutation (not to transmit) equally from one generation to another.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Now, my diet (to consist) of meat, fish, fresh fruit and vegetables, eggs, nuts and seeds.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I can't see you tomorrow. I (to spend) the day with my grandparents.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Does the show start at seven? - I'm not sure. I (to check) in my diary.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The double helix (to hold) together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases in the two chains.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I (to follow) the paleo diet for two months.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Nowadays, genetics (to make) it much easier to detect genetic disorders.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Many microbes (to be) pathogens.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The man (to accuse) of the killing said that he was at the cinema at the time.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Darwin's book “The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” (to call) the most important biology book ever written.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The doctor (to find) staphylococcus in his nose.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Many Americans (to turn) now to herbal remedies to ease arthritis pain.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Skeleton muscles (to help) the body to move.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
All the rubbish (to float) in the sea is a real danger to health.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I've lost my phone again. I (always to lose) things.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Ebola virus disease (to cause) by the Ebola virus.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
This problem (still to research).
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
He (to suffer) from this disease for a long period of time.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Living creatures might also have structures that they (to inherit) from an ancestor.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Women tourists (to wear) trousers are not allowed in the temple.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Sport (to help) to strengthen immune system.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
So far, we (to examine) how an action potential is generated at the point of stimulation.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
A flu epidemic (to break) out last autumn and spread all over the country.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Evolution by natural selection (to become) a central theme which underpins much of modern Biology.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The nurse (to look) after my aunt is very kind to her.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Microscopic plants generally (not to live) in or on the human body.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Scientists (to find) out that the power and strength of the brain is best at 22.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
She said she (to go) home as soon as she had got injections.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Since the 1960s, molecular biology (to advance) enormously knowledge of biological evolution.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Scientists (not to find) medicine to cure all types of cancer yet.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Recently, the new methods (to include) into investigation.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
She said she would go home as soon as she (to get) injections.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I (to work) on a Master's degree for a couple of years.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The doctor said that the serious disease of the reproductive system (not to allow) her to have children.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I'm reading about the Internet. Did you know it (to begin) in the 1960s?
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The microbes (not to see) without a microscope.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Yesterday, the operation, performed in an Oxford hospital, (to take) about 6 hours.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
He (to visit) a dentist yesterday.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The tour bus (to leave) at seven, so be here by ten forty-five!
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
In 1979, the world (to declare) free of smallpox.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The doctor said that he (not to make) a mistake in the patient's diagnosis.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
A new scanning tunnelling microscope (to invent) in 1980.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The amoeba (to discover) by August von Rosenhof in 1757.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
A lecture on the structure of the muscles (to deliver) by the professor yesterday.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You (already to have) typhus so you're immune.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
They want the painting tomorrow, but I (not to finish) it by then.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The students (to work) in the laboratory the whole morning yesterday.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Bacterial viruses (to play) a crucial role in the development of molecular cell biology.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
What (you to do) when you broke your arm?
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Once viral surface proteins interact with receptors on the host cell, the viral DNA (to inject) into the cell.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
While we (to eat) Jason asked me to marry him!
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Millions of people (to benefit) from vaccinations.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
He (to find) a good job when he graduates next year.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Pulse rate (to measure) in beats per minute.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The operation (to perform) tomorrow morning.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
After an impulse (to transmit) across, the chemical transmitter is removed from the synapse.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If these (to be) the only process of evolutionary change, the organization of living things would gradually disintegrate.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Scientists from London's Natural History museum (to astonish) to find such diversity of insect and plant species.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you (not to eat) vegetables, you won't have a balanced diet.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I fancy a snack. I think I (to make) myself a sandwich.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you go to sleep early, you (to feel) better in the morning.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
He enjoys (to go) on exotic holidays, but he wouldn't like to live outside the United States.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
After an impulse has been transmitted across, the chemical transmitter (to remove) from the synapse.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Come to the back door at 7.35 exactly. I (to wait) for you.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I stopped (to read) my book and went to bed.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you smoke, you (to damage) your lungs.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If these were the only process of evolutionary change, the organization of living things (gradually to disintegrate).
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
My teachers always expected me (to do) well in exams.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Let me (to pay) for the meal. You paid last time.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you drink too much coffee on an empty stomach, you (to go) to get sick.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
The dentist told me (to be) more careful when I brush my teeth.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you (not to get) enough calcium, your bones and teeth begin to slowly deteriorate.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I'm looking forward (to see) you again soon.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
In September 2007, our university (to give) a status of national.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
By the end of August they (to work) on the bridge for over eighteen months.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
I meant (to buy) some butter, but I forgot.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You should't avoid (to talk) about your problems.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
She is afraid of (to break) her leg if she jumps over the wall.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Who's that good-looking man (to talk) to Alison?
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I hadn't overslept, I (not to be) late for work.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
We won't finish on time if the suppliers (not to deliver) it today.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If we had a camera, we (can take) photographs.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If the project (not to be) successful, we will lose a lot of money.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I (to be) born in Italy, I would be Italian.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I won the lottery, I (to buy) a new house.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I (to study) more, I would be a doctor.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I (not to live) in London, I wouldn't speak English so well.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If age-related changes (to take) into account, the conclusion remains the same.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
They wish they (to lose) the photo. It was a really good one.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Tom likes football very much. He wishes he (to become) a professional football player.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If the elections (to be) held today, the Liberals would win easily.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
He was running very fast when he had a heart attack. If only he (not to run) so fast.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If I (to know) you wanted a theatre ticket, I'd have got one for you.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
If you hadn't made the booking in advance, you (to be) without a bed for the night now.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You need (not to buy) any bread. We had a lot.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
That woman (to be) Spanish but I am not sure. She sounds Spanish though.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
What should I do? Do you think I (to go) to the party with Michael?
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You (to park) here. You will get a parking fine if you do.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You (to see) that film. It's one of the best films I've ever seen.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
Sorry Amanda. You (to use) my computer. You broke it last time you did.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
She's wearing a fur coat. It looks expensive. She (to have) a lot of money.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You (to step) on the grass. You are not allowed to.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі).
You (to see) that film. They are still shooting it.
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