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In northern Ukraine the abundant rainfall and moderate temperatures provide _______. Woodlands alternate with areas of steppe in the central region. Most of the rich forestlands are in the Carpathian region of western Ukraine. The forests of poorer quality are in the Polissya region in northern Ukraine. There is very little woodland in southern Ukraine, _______. Many of these plains are under cultivation. Three natural zones of vegetation are distinguishable from north to south. These zones are the Polissya, the Forest-steppe, and the Steppe. Nearly one-quarter of the Polyssia is covered with _______. Mixed forests of the region which extends south from the Polissya, consist of oak, pine, hornbeam, and maple. Farther south, near the Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and _______. The region has chiefly the grass-steppe vegetation. Only on the Dnieper floodplains are there forest groves, mainly of oak. Three other natural regions are found near the borders of the country. These regions are the Carpathians, the Crimean Mountains, _______.
1. the Crimean Mountains, the forest-steppe joins the Steppe zone
2. a live tree is divided into three main parts
3. and the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula
4. favourable conditions for forest vegetation
5. serve for manufacture of plant food, respiration and transpiration
6. which mostly consists of treeless plains
7. mixed woodland, including oak, elm, birch, etc.
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In the Carpathians the vegetation is located in zones according to altitude. The lower slopes are covered with mixed forests (beech, hornbeam, platan, fir, oak).
The intermediate slopes with pine forests, _______. In the coastal strip of the Crimean mountains low-growing forests of oak and juniper grow. The upper strip of the Southern Crimean Cost is covered _______. Ukraine's forests cover only 12% of land area - 10 million ha, of which 85% is considered commercial. Softwoods make up about two-thirds of the production, and hardwoods about one-third. Nearly half the timber output is used for making lumber. About one-third is converted to pulpwood, _______. Most of the remaining output goes into plywood. Fir and pine are the primary softwoods used in making lumber. Oak, maple and other hardwoods provide fine woods _______. Forestry industry is technically well equipped and has tractors, helicopters, and many special machines at its disposal. The significant task today is to expand shelterbelts, _______. Many scientists are working on new ideas for forest protection, rational use of timber reserves, and better forest management.
1. cambium performs a very important function in a live tree
2. to develop new and to improve the existing green zones
3. and the summits with Alpine meadows
4. with forests mostly with beech, hornbeam and maple
5. for the manufacture of furniture and other products
6. which is subsequently used to manufacture paper
7. trees are the largest plants in the world
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Forest is not just multitude of trees, combination of several tree species or collection of trees. Some scientists define forest as: “A plant association _______. Others say that a collection of trees becomes a forest only when it has sufficient density and _______. Nowadays forest plays an essential role in proper functioning of natural areas. It regulates water management, stores and purifies water, prevents floods and avalanches. Forest is a natural air and water filter. It easies winds, softens temperature differences, _______. And the most important thing, it creates conditions necessary for the existence of plants and animals. Forest also stimulates different branches of economy. It enables the development of tourism, _______. It is the main factor deciding on attractiveness of numerous spas and tourist – oriented places. Forest has a very special influence on creative _______. It was the inspiration of extraordinary works of art. The forest has great influence over man. We feel friendly in the forest and parks.
1. gives coolness during hot days and shelter and warmth when it is cold
2. trunk serves for conveying water
3. covers a large area to develop local climatic and ecological conditions
4. agriculture and wood-processing industry
5. other natural regions are found near the borders of the country
6. mainly of trees or other woody vegetation that occupy an area of land”
7. and sensitive minds: poets, painters, writers, composers, photographers
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Forest stimulates different branches of economy. It enables the development of tourism, agriculture and wood-processing industry. It is the main factor deciding on attractiveness of numerous _______. Forest has also a very special influence on creative and sensitive minds: poets, painters, writers, composers, photographers. It was the inspiration of extraordinary works of art. The forest has _______. We feel friendly in the forest and parks. Forest is a sanctuary of animals and plants, _______. It produces fresh air and clear water, all invaluable for the development of our civilisation. Forest is a unique treasure of nature – _______, motion and silence. This is why we feel so happy in a forest, we feel the joy of coming with nature. Forests are open for everyone. We can wander there, pick mushrooms, _______. It is a great value, our common heritage. We must respect it and preserve it for the future generations in good health.
1. horticultural crops were originally grown in gardens
2. they work with architects to fit structures to land forms
3. spas and tourist – oriented places
4. great influence over man
5. the world of multitudes of microorganisms and resources of wood
6. an abundance of shapes, scents, colours, sounds
7. berries or have a family picnic
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Britain is one of the least afforested countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Today virtually all of Britain's 2.2 million hectares of woodland _______. Forests and woodland in Britain provide only 15% of home consumption of wood products. But Britain now has one of the world’s _______. The country can compete on quality and technological innovation. About 70 per cent of productive forest is coniferous as they are quick growing. Sitka spruce, the best-growing species in Britain, _______. But other softwood species such as Norway spruce and Scots pine are also grown. The Forestry Commission, established by the Government in 1919, _______. It owns almost 40 per cent of productive forests in England, Scotland and Wales. The Forestry Commission has run a reforestation programme since the 1950s. The annual programme in recent years has been 100 million new trees planted each year. Broadleaves dominate new planting, _______. The most common trees are oak, beech, ash and elm. Pine and birch predominate in Scotland.
1. and little more than half the annual target is being achieved
2. is one of Britain’s biggest landowners
3. continues to fulfil the main production requirements
4. most advanced timber processing industries
5. consists of artificial plantations
6. floriculture has long been an important part of horticulture
7. forest was the inspiration of extraordinary works of art
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A tree is a woody plant with a single trunk, unbranched _______. Trees are the largest members of the plant world, ranging in height from 20 to 3000 feet or more. A live tree may be divided into three main parts: crown, trunk and roots. These parts fulfil different functions in its life. Roots hold the tree in place and take up water _______. Trees need nutrients for their growth. Trunk serves for conveying water and nutrients from the roots to crown. Crown consists of branches and twigs, _______. One sort of the buds is lateral (which are born along the twig). The other is terminal (appearing at the apex) which _______. Leaves are temporary organs. They serve for manufacture of plant food, respiration and transpiration. Flowers are reproductive organs of a plant. A fruit is a seed-bearing organ of a plant. The fruits of conifers are quite different in structure _______.
1. most of the remaining output goes into plywood
2. from those of broad-leaved trees
3. which bear buds, leaves, flowers and fruit
4. for at least several feet above the ground, and a more or less definite crown
5. the lower slopes are covered with mixed forests
6. with dissolved mineral nutrients from the soil
7. limit further growth in length for the season
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A fruit is a seed-bearing organ of a plant. The fruits of conifers are _______. Coniferous fruits may be either dry or fleshy. They are divided into 2 classes. One is those which consist of _______. The other is those which are composed of a number of woody, leathery or fleshy scales. Each one is with one or more seeds and arranged about a central axis _______. The fruits of broad–leaved trees are generally described as a ripened ovary. They are classified as dry fruits, which may be papery, leathery or woody, and fleshy fruits. Typical fruits of some broad-leaved trees are: achene of sycamore, _______. The main parts of a tree trunk are: a small pith, wood, bark and cambium. Cambium performs a very important function in a live tree. It conditions the increment of wood and bark in thickness. Bark protects the wood from external effects, i.e. sharp temperature variations, mechanical and other injuries. The inner layer of bark conducts organic nutrients, _______.
1. to form a cone (fruits of pines, spruces and furs)
2. The practice of silviculture was divided into three areas
3. which are produced in crown leaves, downward along the tree
4. Forest has always been a unique treasure of nature
5. a single seed surrounded by a fleshy aril (fruits of yew)
6. quite different in structure from those of broad-leaved trees
7. double samara of maple, single samara of elm, acorn of oak, nut of hickory, etc.
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Literally “dendrology” means “the study of trees”, _______. Now it signifies the taxonomy of woody plants including trees, shrubs and vines. Taxonomy is concerned with the classification, nomenclature and identification of natural objects. Besides the taxonomy of woody plants, dendrology includes _______. Woody plants differ from herbaceous plants in having an aerial stem and a cambium layer. The aerial stem persists for more than one season. The cambium layer serves for periodic growth in diameter. A tree may be defined as woody plant with a single trunk, _______. Trees are the largest plants in the world. Shrubs, in contrast, are smaller and usually have several erect, spreading stems and a general bushy appearance. Woody lianas are climbing vines. Plants of this sort are extremely numerous _______. A few species such as wild grape, the moonseed, and the Virginia creeper are indigenous to temperate regions. Botanical classification places forest trees into 2 large groups: _______. The criterion most frequently used for separating them is the presence in the angiosperms of an ovary, which encloses the ovules.
1. most of the remaining output goes into plywood
2. gymnosperms and angiosperms
3. tree habits morphology, ecology and geographical ranges of forest trees
4. unbranched for at least several feet above the ground, and with a more or less definite crown
5. but the term has been variously defined
6. in the rain-drenched forests of the tropics
7. nearly half the timber output is used for making lumber
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Botanical classification places forest trees into 2 large groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms. The criterion most frequently used for separating them is _______. The gymnosperms, in contrast, exhibit a naked seed, which is commonly subtended by a scale. The gymnosperms consist exclusively of trees and woody shrubs. The angiosperms include trees and shrubs as well as _______. Among the gymnosperms, the most important and numerous forest trees are _______. This group includes the well-known pines, spruces, firs, cedars, junipers, hemlocks and sequoias. Except for larches and bald cypress, all gymnosperms are evergreen. Angiosperms include a large variety of broadleaf trees, most with _______. The angiosperms, in turn, are divided into monocots (monocotyledonous) and dicots (dicotyledonous). The monocots include principally the palms and bamboos. The dicotyledonous broad-leaved species _______. They are temperate deciduous, subtropical evergreen and tropical evergreen. Characteristic trees of temperate deciduous forests are oaks, beeches, ash trees, elms, alders and sweet chestnuts. Typical trees of subtropical evergreen forests are the evergreen oaks, the madrone, species of Eucalyptus, etc.
1. primary softwoods used in making lumber
2. very little woodland in southern Ukraine
3. the presence in the angiosperms of an ovary, which encloses the ovules
4. grasses and herbaceous plants
5. the coniferous, also known as softwoods
6. a deciduous leaf habit but some that are evergreen
7. form three characteristic types of forests
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Soil is the surface layer of the earth on which land plants grow. It is a natural resource that supports plant life. Soil plays a very important role in _______. It is a highly organized physical, chemical and biological complex. Soil is a mixture of particles of rock, organic materials, living forms, air and water. All of us depend on it. As a supporter of vegetable life, _______. The growth and development of agricultural crops depend on the fertility of the soil, _______. No soil is perfectly fertile. If we want to have high yields of crops we must have a fertile soil. If the soil is poor we must apply fertilizers. The size of mineral _______. Soil contains gravel, sand, silt and clay. Six major texture groups are: “sand”, “sandy loam”, “silt loam”, “loam”, “clay loam” and “clay”. Some good clay and loamy soils _______. Some light sandy soils are naturally poor.
1. continuous supply of water, heat, light and air
2. the most important single plant grown for outdoor cultivation is the rose
3. the life of the world and mankind
4. are naturally highly fertile
5. industry of landscape horticulture is divided into growing, maintenance, and design
6. particles of soil is different
7. the soil provides food for animals and people
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Soil is the surface layer of the earth _______. Man uses different soils in different ways. “Good” soil is used for growing crops. Poor soil is used as forest land. Soils may be of different colours: from white to black, _______. Dark coloured soils are more productive than light-coloured ones. Soils contain almost all chemical elements. Eleven of them are essential for plant growth. The most important are: nitrogen, phosphorus, _______. Plants take them from the soil in large quantity. Some soils are rich in all kinds of plant food. Some are rich in _______. Poor growth and general appearance of the plants show lack of certain elements. Farmers study the soil and apply necessary fertilizers. The use of fertilizers _______ may increase yields greatly.
1. on which land plants grow
2. certain elements but deficient in others
3. landscape architecture in its broadest sense is concerned with all aspects of land
4. potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur
5. in proper amount and at the most suitable time
6. but the most common colours are red, yellow and brown
7. ornamental horticulture consists of floriculture and landscape horticulture
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Silviculture is the serious branch of forestry. It concerned with the theory and practice of controlling _______. Silviculture is an applied science that rests upon fundamental natural and social sciences. The immediate foundation of silviculture in the natural sciences is the field of silvics. It deals with the laws of the growth and development _______. Growth, in turn, depends on local soils and climate, competition from other vegetation, and _______, both beneficial and destructive. The efficient practice of silviculture demands knowledge of many fields of science. They are ecology, plant physiology, entomology, soil science etc. Silviculture is also concerned with the economic _______. The main objective of forestry is to make the forest useful to man. The practice of silviculture is divided into three areas: methods of reproduction, intermediate cuttings, and protection. In every forest the time comes when it is desirable to harvest a portion of the timber and to _______. The act of replacing old trees, either naturally or artificially, is called regeneration or reproduction. The period of regeneration begins when preparatory measures are initiated. It ends only when young trees become established in acceptable numbers and are fully adjusted to the new environment.
1. of single trees and of the forest as a biologic unit
2. growing of plants for landscape is called the nursery business
3. interrelations with animals, insects, and other organisms
4. replace the trees removed with others of a new generation
5. plants grown outdoors for landscaping
6. forest establishment, composition, and growth
7. as well as the biologic aspects of forestry
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Forestry is the science of managing forest resources for human benefit. The practice of forestry helps maintain an adequate supply of timber _______. It also includes the management of such valuable forest resources as water, wildlife, grazing areas, and recreation areas. In general, forests provide the greatest benefits when they are managed _______. This concept is called multiple use forest management. It is applied in national forests, most state forests, and many private forests. In addition to furnishing timber, these forests _______. They also provide food and shelter for wildlife, grazing land for livestock. And of course they are recreation areas for campers, hikers, and picnickers. In some forests, however, the importance of one resource may outweigh that of others. For example, companies _______ manage their forests primarily for maximum timber production. Or a forest may be protected as a park or as a wilderness or recreation area. Most countries with forests have at least one government agency _______. The agency may be an independent government authority. Or it may be part of the nation's park service or agricultural service.
1. other plants for their nuts or their sweet or tart fruits
2. which is commonly subtended by a scale
3. for the manufacture of lumber, plywood, paper, and other wood products
4. with the goal of providing several benefits at once
5. may provide water for communities
6. that manufacture wood products
7. to manage forest lands and conduct research
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Forest products have long provided people with food, shelter, clothing, and fuel. Prehistoric people ate berries and nuts that grew in forests. They built shelters _______ made of plant materials. About 1 1/2 million years ago, they began using wood as a fuel to make fire. Today, wood is one of our most important raw materials. It is used in making thousands of products, _______. Despite its usefulness as a raw material, the chief use of _______. There are thousands of forest products. Most can be classified into one of five main groups: wood products, wood-based composite products, fiber products, chemical products, and fuel products. Wood products are made from solid wood and wood-based composite products _______. Manufacturers use wood fibers to produce fiber products. Chemical products are made by breaking down wood and wood fibers and chemically treating them. Such chemical products as cellophane, lacquer, and rayon _______. Fuel products include logs, wood pellets, and charcoal. Other forest products come from the bark, fruit, gum, leaves, and sap of trees.
1. from building materials, to paper, to photographic film
2. contain wood and at least one other material
3. from the branches of trees and wore clothing
4. many scientists are working on new ideas for forest protection
5. wood throughout the world is as a fuel
6. all gymnosperms are evergreen
7. are made from wood but do not feel or look like wood
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Lumber includes boards and larger pieces of wood that have been sawed from logs. In many countries, _______, but this term can also refer to standing trees, logs, and unprocessed wood. Builders use at least some lumber in the construction of every house. Lumber furnishes material for framing, flooring, siding, woodwork, doors, and other building parts. In industrialized countries, most lumber is used for _______. The rest goes from sawmills to factories that make boxes, crates, furniture, tool handles, toys, and hundreds of other products. Every time a piece of wood is cut at a sawmill, _______. These leftover bits of wood can be made into many valuable products. Often mills send wood scraps and small logs through a chipper. Pulp mills grind the chips or treat them with chemicals to change them into wood pulp. Manufacturers use pulp to make paper, _______. Sawdust and bark are often used for fuel. The lumber industry employs thousands of people to harvest trees, transport logs to mills, _______. The United States uses a total of more than 50 billion board feet (120 million cubic meters) of lumber every year – more than any other country. It also leads the world in lumber production.
1. building construction, remodeling, and repair
2. we feel friendly in the forest and parks
3. many scientists are working on new ideas for forest protection
4. the cutting produces sawdust and small chips of wood
5. the term timber is used to refer to such pieces of wood
6. saw logs into lumber, and sell the lumber
7. hardboard, plastics, rayon, and other products
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The forests of the world play a major role in the overall ecological pattern of nature. Dominated by tree growth, the forest environment also supports other kinds of vegetation _______. On slopes, forests protect soil from the forces of erosion. Products of the forest, including wood for fuel and construction, _______. Today less than a third of earth's surface is covered with forests, primarily because of man's activities. Several kinds of forests, each with its own overall natural association of trees and other plant growth, _______. In general, the forest associations that are similar to one another have developed over wide regions of relatively uniform climate. Within each region a variety of localized forest associations may occur. These local kinds of forests are determined by variations in elevation, soil, drainage, and rainfall, _______. Forests of the world fall into two major categories: coniferous ("needleleaf") forests of tree that are usually evergreen and "broadleaf forests of usually deciduous trees (that shed their leaves annually). In general, conifers occupy the cooler and drier environments, whereas broadleaf trees predominate in the warmer and moister parts of the world. A parallel zonation of tree associations occurs _______. The Northern Hemisphere contains the bulk of temperate-climate land areas, so most coniferous forests are found there. Tropical forests are almost exclusively of broadleaf tree species. Mixed broadleaf and coniferous forests, however, occur near the boundary between these two major climatic zones.
1. and provides a home for distinctive forms of animal life
2. have been of great importance to man since earliest times
3. are spread over the land areas of the world
4. and by the influence of man's activities
5. in the altitudinal ranges of a mountain system
6. which is commonly subtended by a scale
7. there are about 150 national forests in the USA
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The forests of the world play a major role in the overall ecological pattern of nature. Dominated by tree growth, the forest environment also supports other kinds of vegetation _______. Forests cover a little less than a third of the United States. There are over one thousand species of trees in the USA. But only about one hundred _______. Softwoods make up about three-fourths of the production, and hardwoods about one-fourth. Nearly half the timber output is used for making lumber, and _______. Most of the remaining output goes into plywood and veneer. The commercial softwoods of importance are: southern yellow pine, Douglas fir, hemlock, Sitka spruce, larch, white fir, _______. Hardwoods which are broad-leaved and usually shed leaves in autumn provide fine woods for the manufacture of furniture and other products. They are oak, maple, birch, beech, ash, gum. Forests in the South supply about one-third of the lumber, _______, pitch, resin, and wood tar produced I the USA. Most part of the forest land is privately owned and consists of small parks and farms. The care of these forests lies on the small owner. There are about 150 national forests in the USA.
1. ornamental horticulture is concerned with plants grown outdoors for landscaping
2. ornamental horticulture consists of floriculture and landscape horticulture
3. nearly three-fifths of the pulpwood, and almost all the turpentine
4. Loblolly pine, Slash pine, Ponderosa pine, California redwoods
5. about one-third is converted to pulpwood, which is used to manufacture paper
6. have much commercial value as lumber
7. and provides a home for distinctive forms of animal life
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Landscape architecture in its broadest sense is concerned with all aspects of land use. As a horticulturist, the landscape architect uses plants _______ – as elements of landscape design. Unlike the materials of the painter or sculptor, plants are not static but change seasonally and with time. The colour, form, texture, and line of plants are used as design elements in the landscape. Plant materials are also manipulated _______, and for enclosures to provide protection from sunlight and wind. Ornamental horticulture consists of floriculture and landscape horticulture. Floriculture has long been an important part of horticulture, especially in Europe and Japan. Because flowers and pot plants _______, floriculture is largely thought of as a greenhouse industry. There is, however, considerable outdoor culture of many flowers. The industry of landscape horticulture is divided into growing, maintenance, and design. Growing of plants for landscape is called _______ and establishment of any young plant before permanent planting. The nursery industry involves production and distribution of woody and herbaceous plants. Production of cuttings to be grown in greenhouses or for indoor use (foliage plants), as well as the production of bedding plants, is usually considered part of floriculture. Next to ornamental trees and shrubs, _______, followed by bulb crops. The most important single plant grown for outdoor cultivation is the rose.
1. along with other landscape materials – stone, mortar, and wood
2. as functional materials to control erosion, as surface materials
3. a live tree is divided into three main parts
4. the nursery business, although a nursery refers broadly to the growing
5. they serve for manufacture of plant food, respiration and transpiration
6. the most important nursery crops are fruit plants
7. are largely produced in plant-growing structures in temperate climates
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Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that specializes in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental shrubs and trees.
Horticulture includes the production, distribution, and _______. It also involves the use of plants in landscaping and in such decorations as floral arrangements. The word horticulture comes from the Latin word hortus, which means garden, and horticulture _______. Most horticultural crops were originally grown in gardens. Today, they are raised commercially on farms and in greenhouses, nurseries, and orchards. Horticulture is widely practiced _______. The horticulture industry is the main source of fruits and vegetables, and an important _______. Horticulturists in the floral, landscaping, and nursery industries raise plants for use in creating attractive surroundings. Horticultural hobbies include flower arranging and gardening. Much horticultural research is conducted at agricultural experiment stations, arboretums, botanical gardens, and colleges and universities. Some research involves developing methods to improve the cultivation of plants. For example, horticultural scientists experiment _______. They also work to develop ways to control plant diseases and pests. Other research involves breeding plants to produce new varieties that are especially beautiful, hardy, or productive.
1. cambium performs a very important function in a live tree
2. supplier of plants raised for their beauty
3. includes the art and science of gardening
4. to determine the environment and nutrition necessary for good plant growth
5. three other natural regions are found near the borders of the country
6. as an industry and as a hobby
7. processing of fruits and vegetables for food
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Horticulture is generally divided into four main specialties: pomology, olericulture, floriculture, and ornamental horticulture. Pomology is the cultivation of shrubs, trees, vines, and _______. Crops in this group include almonds, apples, coconuts, dates, grapes, oranges, peaches, and pecans. Olericulture deals with herbaceous (nonwoody) plants raised for use as vegetables. Any part of a herbaceous plant may be the edible part. For example, asparagus is grown for its stem, _______. Floriculture is the production and use of flowers and foliage plants. Floriculturists work mainly with house plants, flowers, and _______. Ornamental horticulture is concerned with plants grown outdoors for landscaping. Such plants include shrubs; grasses for lawns; and maples, pines, and other ornamental trees. Ornamental horticulture also involves landscape design _______. Landscape architecture is a profession that involves the design and development of land for human use and enjoyment. It is concerned with the beauty of natural surroundings as well as practical ways to use land and the objects on it. People professionally trained in this field _______. Landscape architects create plans for a wide variety of land development projects.
1. and cauliflower for its flower buds
2. other plants for their nuts or their sweet or tart fruits
3. horticultural crops were originally grown in gardens
4. for homes, office buildings, highways, and recreational areas
5. conveying water and nutrients from the roots to crown
6. are called landscape architects
7. greenery for floral arrangements
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
A CENTURY OR MORE AGO, COUNTRY FOLK (TO USE) THE WORD 'TIT' TO DESCRIBE ALMOST ANY SMALL BIRD.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE COLORATION OF BUTTERFLY WINGS (TO CREATE) BY MINUTE SCALES.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
A GRAIN OF WHEAT (TO CONSIST) OF TWO PARTS WHICH ARE UNDER THE SEED-COAT.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
SAWDUST AND BARK OFTEN (TO USE) FOR FUEL.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
ALL THE TRUE TITS (TO FIND) IN BRITAIN ARE ESSENTIALLY HOLE-NESTERS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE BODY OF THE BUTTERFLY (TO DIVIDE) INTO THREE SEGMENTS: THE HEAD, THORAX, AND THE ABDOMEN.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
IT (TO CLAIM) RECENTLY THAT THE PLANTS CAN LEARN TO RECOGNISE GOOD AND BED TREATMENT.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
NOWADAYS FOREST (TO PLAY) AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN PROPER FUNCTIONING OF NATURAL AREAS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
TAXONOMY (TO CONCERN) WITH THE CLASSIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE AND IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL OBJECTS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
IN 1968, AN AMERICAN RESEARCHER, DOROTHY RETALLACK, (TO TRY) TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC HAD ON THE GROWTH OF PLANTS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THERE (TO BE) VERY LITTLE WOODLAND IN SOUTHERN UKRAINE.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
MANY SCIENTISTS (TO WORK) NOW ON NEW IDEAS FOR FOREST PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF TIMBER RESERVES.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE FORESTRY COMMISSION, (TO ESTABLISH) BY THE GOVERNMENT IN 1919, IS ONE OF BRITAIN’S BIGGEST LANDOWNERS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE FORESTRY COMMISSION (TO RUN) A REFORESTATION PROGRAMME SINCE THE 1950S.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
A LIVE TREE MAY BE (TO DIVIDE) INTO THREE MAIN PARTS: CROWN, TRUNK AND ROOTS.
_______
THIS GROUP CONIFEROUS ALWAYS (TO INCLUDE) THE WELL-KNOWN PINES, SPRUCES, FIRS ETC.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE ANGIOSPERMS ARE (TO DIVIDE) INTO MONOCOTS AND DICOTS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE APPEARANCE OF SOME TYPES OF GULL (TO CHANGE) THROUGH THE YEAR.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
(TO RESPOND) TO THEM WITH OUR OWN LANGUAGES OF MUSIC AND WORDS MAY REACH THEM IN WAYS WE DO NOT YET UNDERSTAND.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
BLUES, GREENS, REDS AND IRIDESCENCE USUALLY (TO CREATE) NOT BY PIGMENTS BUT THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE SCALES.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
ONCE YOU (TO FOLLOW) THE SOUNDS AND SPOTTED THE BIRDS, THE BOLD AND OFTEN INQUISITIVE BEHAVIOUR OF THESE CHARMING CREATURES IMMEDIATELY COMMANDS YOUR ATTENTION.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
NOWADAYS, THE WORD 'TIT' (TO USE) TO DESCRIBE JUST EIGHT SPECIES FOUND IN BRITAIN.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
SO MANY NEW AND STARTLING DISCOVERIES (TO MAKE) RECENTLY ABOUT THE LIVING WORLD.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
IF THE PLANTS HEARD THE SAME TONE SEVERAL TIMES A DAY BUT WITH SOME BREAKS IN BETWEEN, THEY (TO GROW) FASTER THAN IN A ROOM WITH NO SOUNDS AT ALL.
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Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THESE SCALES (TO PIGMENT) WITH MELANINS THAT GIVE THEM BLACKS AND BROWNS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
THE ADULT, SEXUALLY MATURE, STAGE OF THE INSECT (TO KNOW) AS THE IMAGO.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
IT (TO ACCEPT) LONG THAT FARM ANIMALS DO BETTER AND GROW FASTER WHEN MUSIC IS PLAYED REGULARLY.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
BUTTERFLIES (TO CHARACTERIZE) BY THEIR SCALE-COVERED WINGS.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
OTHER WHITE BUTTERFLIES (TO BE) ENTIRELY INNOCENT, AS THEY FEED ONLY ON WILD RELATIVES OF THE CABBAGE.
_______
Впишіть дієслово, що в дужках, у правильній часовій формі (всі літери малі):
DEVELOPMENT OF BUTTERFLY WING PATTERNS (TO BEGIN) BY THE LAST LARVAL INSTAR.
_______
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
An area of flat land near a river that is often flooded when the river becomes too full
A field with grass and often wild flowers in it
A device delivering a very fine spray or almost fog of water.
The stick-like central part of a plant that grows above the ground and from which leaves and flowers grow, or a smaller thin part that grows from the central part and supports the leaves and flowers
The increased concentration of salt, especially in water or soil.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Wood from fast-growing evergreen trees (ones that never lose their leaves) like pine, or a tree of this type
The strong, heavy wood of particular trees such as oak, used esp. to make furniture
A strong, thick line made up of twisted or braided strands of fiber such as hemp or wire.
The hard oval-shaped fruit of a conifer
The soft part containing seeds that is produced by a plant
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Wood that has been prepared for building
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to make a forest
A large garden where many types of tree are grown, for people to look at and to be studied for scientific purposes
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees.
A strong, thick line made up of twisted or braided strands of fiber such as hemp or wire.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The thick main stem of a tree, from which its branches grow
The part of a plant that grows down into the earth to get water and food and holds the plant firm in the ground
The natural environment in which a plant usually lives
The soft part containing seeds that is produced by a plant
A term descriptively used for a plant with a strongly offensive or unpleasant smell.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
One of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk and has leaves, flowers, or fruit on it
The soft part containing seeds that is produced by a plant
The process by which water is lost through the surface of a plant
A botanical term identifying detachable winter buds
A perennial woody plant that grows or is capable of growing a trunk with a canopy of foliage generally high enough to walk under.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A small, thin branch of a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves
A small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf
In botanical terms, an imperfectly developed portion of a plant
The layer of growing tissue between the bark and the wood of a tree that produces new bark and wood
A pattern, arrangement, or system of veins in a leaf.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
One of the flat, usually green parts of a plant that are joined at one end to the stem or branch
The process by which water is lost through the surface of a plant
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees.
Any tree planted or existing for the value of its shade.
A field with grass and often wild flowers in it
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Any of various types of mostly evergreen trees that produce a cone
The hard outer covering of a tree
A small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf
Wood that has been prepared for building
The strong, heavy wood of particular trees such as oak, used esp. to make furniture
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The hard oval-shaped fruit of a conifer
The natural environment in which a plant usually lives
A field with grass and often wild flowers in it
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to make a forest
A small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A plant with a wooden stem and many small branches that usually does not grow very tall
A large garden where many types of tree are grown, for people to look at and to be studied for scientific purposes
A pattern, arrangement, or system of veins in a leaf.
The strong, heavy wood of particular trees such as oak, used esp. to make furniture
The study or activity of growing garden plants
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The study or activity of growing garden plants
A large area of land covered with trees and plants, usually larger than a wood, or the trees and plants themselves
The layer of growing tissue between the bark and the wood of a tree that produces new bark and wood
In plants, the tissue of the ovary to which the ovules are attached.
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Wood in sheets that is made of several thin layers glued together
An outside area in which plants are left to grow naturally or untidily
A device delivering a very fine spray or almost fog of water.
With reference to plants, usually a flower that opens at night and closes during the day; or any plant part active or functional only at night.
Any tree planted or existing for the value of its shade.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
An area of soft, wet earth
The stick-like central part of a plant that grows above the ground and from which leaves and flowers grow, or a smaller thin part that grows from the central part and supports the leaves and flowers
The natural environment in which a plant usually lives
An area of flat land near a river that is often flooded when the river becomes too full
The taxonomy of woody plants including trees, shrubs and vines.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
An area of low, wet land, usually covered with tall grasses
A plant that has two cotyledons (leaf parts inside the seed)
A hole, pipe, or pit sunk, drilled, or dug into the earth to reach and use a supply of water
A dry, one-seeded, winged fruit found on maple, ash, elm, etc. Children call them helicopters
The process of studying and determining the layout of spaces, routes, structures, plantings, land uses, etc.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The layer of growing tissue between the bark and the wood of a tree that produces new bark and wood
High-quality earth that is a mixture of sand, clay, and decaying plant material
Wood that has been prepared for building
The hard oval-shaped fruit of a conifer
The part of a plant that grows down into the earth to get water and food and holds the plant firm in the ground
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The taxonomy of woody plants including trees, shrubs and vines.
An angiosperm with seeds that have one cotyledon when they begin growth, and parallel veins in their leaves.
Loss of water.
A plant lacking the essential growing element of nitrogen.
In botanical terms, knotty or knobby; used especially in describing roots.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Having both female and male reproductive organs on the same plant (stamens and pistils) in separate flowers.
Loss of water.
In plant identification and descriptions, a flower with neither stamens nor pistils.
A plant lacking the essential growing element of nitrogen.
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The act, process, or completion of drying up a plant.
The process of studying and determining the layout of spaces, routes, structures, plantings, land uses, etc.
The taxonomy of woody plants including trees, shrubs and vines.
Loss of water.
A plant lacking the essential growing element of nitrogen
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A dry, one-seeded, winged fruit found on maple, ash, elm, etc. Children call them helicopters
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees.
In botanical terms, knotty or knobby; used especially in describing roots.
Loss of water.
In plant identification and descriptions, a flower with neither stamens nor pistils.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
In plant identification and descriptions, a flower with neither stamens nor pistils.
Land that has grasses as its predominant vegetation type (e.g., prairies or meadows).
The process of studying and determining the layout of spaces, routes, structures, plantings, land uses, etc.
A dense stand (small patch) of shrubs or small trees.
The taxonomy of woody plants including trees, shrubs and vines
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
A plant needing support for its stem that climbs by twining, or by tendrils, or creeps along the ground in a sprawling mass.
A device delivering a very fine spray or almost fog of water.
In botanical terms, plants without flowers or seed, and having fronds.
A strong, thick line made up of twisted or braided strands of fiber such as hemp or wire.
With reference to plants, usually a flower that opens at night and closes during the day; or any plant part active or functional only at night
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The increased concentration of salt, especially in water or soil.
A term descriptively used for a plant with a strongly offensive or unpleasant smell.
Plants of the smallest taxonomic subdivision (subspecies, strains, or varieties) that are adapted to a restrictive set of environmental conditions.
A botanical term identifying detachable winter buds.
A strong, thick line made up of twisted or braided strands of fiber such as hemp or wire
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
With reference to plants, usually a flower that opens at night and closes during the day; or any plant part active or functional only at night.
A botanical term identifying detachable winter buds
A device delivering a very fine spray or almost fog of water.
In botanical terms, plants without flowers or seed, and having fronds.
The increased concentration of salt, especially in water or soil.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A strong, thick line made up of twisted or braided strands of fiber such as hemp or wire.
Plants of the smallest taxonomic subdivision (subspecies, strains, or varieties) that are adapted to a restrictive set of environmental conditions.
The increased concentration of salt, especially in water or soil.
A term descriptively used for a plant with a strongly offensive or unpleasant smell.
A botanical term identifying detachable winter buds
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
In botanical terms, plants without flowers or seed, and having fronds.
A perennial woody plant that grows or is capable of growing a trunk with a canopy of foliage generally high enough to walk under.
With reference to plants, usually a flower that opens at night and closes during the day; or any plant part active or functional only at night.
A device delivering a very fine spray or almost fog of water.
A term descriptively used for a plant with a strongly offensive or unpleasant smell.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
In land and structure issues (usually according to building codes or planning ordinances), the use of land or buildings.
In botanical terms, an imperfectly developed portion of a plant
A botanical term referring to a climbing or woody vine.
A hole, pipe, or pit sunk, drilled, or dug into the earth to reach and use a supply of water.
A pattern, arrangement, or system of veins in a leaf.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Any tree planted or existing for the value of its shade.
In plants, the tissue of the ovary to which the ovules are attached.
In land and structure issues (usually according to building codes or planning ordinances), the use of land or buildings.
A buried, perforated pipe used to drain an agricultural field.
The transfer of a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A hole, pipe, or pit sunk, drilled, or dug into the earth to reach and use a supply of water.
A botanical term referring to a climbing or woody vine.
A pattern, arrangement, or system of veins in a leaf.
Any tree planted or existing for the value of its shade.
In botanical terms, an imperfectly developed portion of a plant
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
In taxonomy the five broad categories containing all living and extinct things.
A buried, perforated pipe used to drain an agricultural field
The transfer of a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
In land and structure issues (usually according to building codes or planning ordinances), the use of land or buildings.
A botanical term referring to a climbing or woody vine.
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A pattern, arrangement, or system of veins in a leaf.
The transfer of a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
In botanical terms, an imperfectly developed portion of a plant.
In plants, the tissue of the ovary to which the ovules are attached.
A hole, pipe, or pit sunk, drilled, or dug into the earth to reach and use a supply of water
Оберіть правильний прийменник :
A LIVE TREE IS DIVIDED … THREE MAIN PARTS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник:
THEY SERVE … MANUFACTURE OF PLANT FOOD, RESPIRATION AND TRANSPIRATION.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
CAMBIUM PERFORMS A VERY IMPORTANT FUNCTION … A LIVE TREE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
TREES ARE THE LARGEST PLANTS … THE WORLD.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THREE OTHER NATURAL REGIONS ARE FOUND NEAR THE BORDERS … THE COUNTRY.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
TRUNK SERVES FOR CONVEYING WATER AND NUTRIENTS … THE ROOTS TO CROWN.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
MOST HORTICULTURAL CROPS WERE ORIGINALLY GROWN … GARDENS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник:
THEY WORK … ARCHITECTS TO FIT STRUCTURES TO LAND FORMS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
FLORICULTURE HAS LONG BEEN AN IMPORTANT PART … HORTICULTURE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
FOREST WAS THE INSPIRATION … EXTRAORDINARY WORKS OF ART.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
MOST … THE REMAINING OUTPUT GOES INTO PLYWOOD.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THE LOWER SLOPES ARE COVERED … MIXED FORESTS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
FOREST HAS ALWAYS BEEN A UNIQUE TREASURE … NATURE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THE PRACTICE OF SILVICULTURE WAS DIVIDED … THREE AREAS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
NEARLY HALF THE TIMBER OUTPUT IS USED … MAKING LUMBER.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
MOST OF THE REMAINING OUTPUT GOES ... PLYWOOD.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
FIR AND PINE ARE THE PRIMARY SOFTWOODS USED … MAKING LUMBER.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THERE IS VERY LITTLE WOODLAND … SOUTHERN UKRAINE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THE INDUSTRY OF LANDSCAPE HORTICULTURE IS DIVIDED … GROWING, MAINTENANCE, AND DESIGN.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PLANT GROWN … OUTDOOR CULTIVATION IS THE ROSE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN ITS BROADEST SENSE IS CONCERNED … ALL ASPECTS OF LAND USE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE CONSISTS … FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE HORTICULTURE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник:
GROWING OF PLANTS … LANDSCAPE IS CALLED THE NURSERY BUSINESS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE IS CONCERNED … PLANTS GROWN OUTDOORS FOR LANDSCAPING.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
POMOLOGY IS THE CULTIVATION OF SHRUBS, TREES, VINES, AND OTHER PLANTS … THEIR NUTS OR THEIR SWEET OR TART FRUITS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THE GYMNOSPERMS EXHIBIT A NAKED SEED, WHICH IS COMMONLY SUBTENDED … A SCALE.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
EXCEPT … LARCHES AND BALD CYPRESS, ALL GYMNOSPERMS ARE EVERGREEN.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
MANY SCIENTISTS ARE WORKING … NEW IDEAS FOR FOREST PROTECTION.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник:
WE FEEL FRIENDLY … THE FOREST AND PARKS.
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Оберіть правильний прийменник :
THERE ARE … 150 NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE USA.
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