Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A condition in which a person has attacks of overwhelming fear
The process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain
The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting
Successions of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep
Preoccupation with one’s own internal world
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Loss of memory occurring most often as a result of damage to the brain from trauma, disease, alcohol and drug toxicity, or infection
Therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client, patient, family, couple, or group
An obsessive desire to set fire to things
The brain and the spinal cord
The process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Any mental or intellectual activity involving an individual’s subjective consciousness
The abilities for abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, planning, emotional intelligence and problem solving
Psychoanalytic approaches to therapy and research that take the unconscious into account
A complex psycho-physiological experience of an individual’s state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences
Those aspects of an individual’s personality, such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as innate rather than learned
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The process of attaining awareness or understanding of the environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information
Type of person who feels in control, who welcomes change and challenge, and who copes well when facing stressful situations
Any mental or intellectual activity involving an individual’s subjective consciousness
Mental processes which include attention, remembering, producing and understanding language, solving problems, and making decisions
The scientific study of systematic psychological changes, emotional changes, and perception changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
A complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior
A stage of stress response when the body is extremely tired
The cognitive process by which an individual decide on and commits to a particular course of action
A state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical well-being
The impulse to convert oneself into what one is capable of being
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A momentary inability to remember a piece of information, such as how to do something, a word, a phone number, or someone’s name
A condition in which a person is nervous in many or all situations
The study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy a product. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups
An activity of a living being, such as a human, consisting of receiving knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data using scientific instruments
Behavior that does not conform to social norms and values
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
An idea that a person cannot stop thinking about
Sigmund Freud’s terminology of sexual energy or sexual drive
The stable set of individual characteristics that make us unique
A measure of central tendency that uses the most frequently occurring score. A distribution with two or more scores that are equal and occur most frequently is called multi-modal
A brain system that plays a role in emotional expression, particularly in the emotional component of behavior, memory, and motivation
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Information brought in through the senses
A disruption of a person’s thoughts, feelings and behavior
A neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive behavior
The cognitive structure utilized to make sense of the world
Distress caused by the absence of an infant's primary caregiver
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A maladaptive and stable set of individual characteristics that cluster to form a recognized disorder
The emotional feeling associated with the realization that one has violated an important social, moral, or ethical regulation
The perception of motion based on two or more stationary objects (e.g., the perception of chaser lights brought about by different ights blinking at different times)
A generic term for the psychological procedures used to measure personality which rely on ambiguous stimuli
A modern adaptation of psychoanalytic therapy which has made sometimes minor and ometimes major changes to Freud's original theories
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A condition in which a person feels sad and has low self-esteem
The process that energizes and/or maintains a behavior
A subsystem within long term memory which consists of skills we acquire through repetition and practice (e.g., dance, playing the piano, driving a car)
Any statistic that is designed for ordinal or nominal data or data that is not normally distributed
An expectation based on multiple observations
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable – the environment and behavior
The ways in which you as an individual tend to behave
Absolutely worthless
Science of stimuli and responses
is by saying that it is a way of looking at things
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception
A developmental disorder in which a person has trouble interacting
Treatment involving family members which seeks to change the unhealthy familial patterns and interactions
A statistical technique used to determine the number of components in a set of data. Hese components are then named according to their haracteristics allowing a researcher to break down information into statistical groups
The reduction and eventual disappearance of a learned or conditioned response after it is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus-response chain
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A person’s typical way of responding to his or her environment
A mood disorder characterized by periods of high activity and sadness
The branch of psychology which focuses on society and its impact on the individual
Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement but is not demonstrated until such time as reinforcement occurs
The process of examining one’s own consciousness
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Subtle perception ability, the ability to understand the subtle cause and effect relationship behind many events, which is beyond the understanding of the intellect
The tendency to focus energy inward resulting in decreased social interaction.
The process of examining one’s own consciousness
Power derived through one’s position, such as a police officer or elected official
A belief about the amount of control a person has over situations in their life
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The process of receiving, processing, storing, and using information
One method for collecting research data which involves watching a participant and recording relevant behavior for later analysis
Extensions of the cell body of a neuron responsible for receiving incoming neurotransmitters
The treatment approach based on the theory that our cognitions or thoughts control a large part of our behaviors and emotions
The number of individual scores that can vary without changing the sample mean
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The use of psychological principles and theories to overcome problems in other areas, such as mental health, business management, education, health, product design, ergonomics, and law
A strong emotional reaction to a specific present danger; anxiety to an anticipated danger
A general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying
The search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method
The cognitive process of paying attention to one aspect of the environment while ignoring others
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A feeling of anxiety, perplexity or confusion so that one is uncomfortable and does not know what to do or say
The relationship between the mind and the world with which it interacts
The consequence of the failure of an organism – human or other animal – to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands, whether actual or imagined
The inherent inclination of a living organism toward a particular behavior
An association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A mood or emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life
The part of the personality that develops through one’s experience with reality
A branch of psychology that studies personality and individual differences
The study of how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors
Knowledge that can be measured by an intelligence or achievement test
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which is not a part of normal development or culture
The conscious subjective experience of emotion
A person’s need to feel a sense of involvement and belonging within a social group
Self-assuredness in one’s personal judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes manifested excessively
The induction of mental states from one mind to another
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
The longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials.
The part of the personality that reflects our internalization of society’s rules and operates on the idealistic principle
Behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause humiliation, pain, or harm
The aggregate of features and traits that form the individual nature of some person or thing
The behavioral process of balancing conflicting needs, or needs against obstacles in the environment
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The primitive, unconscious part of the personality that operates irrationally and acts on impulse to pursue pleasure.
A condition in which a person has disrupted speech
The process of examining one’s own consciousness
The conscious subjective experience of emotion
The mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior
A persistent, abnormal, and irrational fear of a specific thing or situation
A general process in which persons serve as models for others, exhibiting the behavior to be imitated by the others
An alleged type of psychological phenomenon which is said to exist in persons, usually men, of short stature and characterized by overly-aggressive or domineering social behavior
The mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The ability to produce new ideas
An integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction
A psychological pattern or anomaly, potentially reflected in behavior
Conscious experience that is characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions
A state of heightened interest or emotion
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A state in which the individual suffers only depressive symptoms without ever experiencing mania
Personality type that finds meaning outside themselves, in the surrounding world
The unpleasant emotional state consisting of psychological and psychophysiological responses to a real external threat or danger
Routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously
Perception of visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory experiences without an external stimulus
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes
Distinct patterns of personality characteristics used to assign people to categories; qualitative differences, rather than differences in degree, used to discriminate among people
The study of color as a determinant of human behavior
The information that an individual draws upon when finding an answer to the question «What am I like?»
Fear of imperfection
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Any type of therapeutic situation between a trained professional and someone seeking help
Personality type that is introspective, looks into themselves and find meaning in themselves
The state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law
The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against a person, or against a group
The combination of qualities or features that distinguishes one person, group, or thing from another
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Excessive eletion, expansiveness, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem and flight of ideas
Sadness or depression of the spirits characteristic of a specific person
The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting
A natural periodic state of rest for the mind and body, in which the eyes usually close and consciousness is completely or partially lost
A family group consisting of a pair of adultsand their children
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that is learned
The arousal of two or more strong motives that cannot be solved together
A syndrome that is associated with motoric and psychic disturbances
The cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that new information can be incorporated
A kind of phase-sensitive learning during which an individual learns rapidly
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A feeling of satisfaction arising from a knowledge of one’s worth, success, qualities, efforts, etc., or related to those of persons closely related to one
A mental disorder characterized by obsessions-recurrent thoughts, images, or impulses that recur or persist despite efforts to suppress them-and compulsions-repetitive, purposeful acts performed according to certain rules or in a ritualized manner
An unpleasant feeling associated with unfulfilled wishes
An irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation
The things that you enjoy doing or learning about
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual
An autistic person, usually a male, with below average intelligence, yet with an outstanding ability, typically in art, music, memory, or calculating
An organism’s ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences
A fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward opinions and practices that differ from one’s own
The abilities for abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, planning, emotional intelligence and problem solving
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A state in which both mania and depression occur
A relatively long lasting emotional state
The decrease in response to a stimulus due to repetition
A type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational
The process of attaining awareness or understanding of the environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized structured wholes
An event or stimulus that causes stress
The inability of a person to stop thinking about a particular topic or feeling a certain emotion without a high amount of anxiety
The amount of time for which an individual focuses his attention on a particular thing
A state or condition in which an individual is unable to remain still or motionless
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
An intense emotional response caused by the preconscious recognition that a repressed conflict is about to emerge into consciousness
A state of focused awareness on a subset of the available perceptual information
Another term used for psychiatrist
The tendency of the human mind to make use of just one piece of information or trait in order to make decisions
Simply memory aids
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Generalizations about a group of people in which the same characteristics are assigned to all members of a group
A standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results
A defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously rejects thoughts, feelings, needs, wishes, or external realities
The condition in which a person is unable to speak fluently
Memory that is lost within a brief period
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering
A mood disturbance such as severe depression or depression alternating with mania
A perceptual object that may have more than one interpretation
The genetic structure an organism inherits from its parents
The level of categorization that can be retrieved from memory most quickly and used most efficiently
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The initial memory processes involved in the momentary preservation of fleeting impressions of sensory stimuli
The focusing on one thing while ignoring other things that may be going on at the same time
The inability to use language appropriately and may include problems speaking language, hearing language, and reading language.
The feeling or experience that is associated with an emotion
The activity of balancing the needs that conflict with each other
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
A state in which an individual is suddenly overwhelmed with brief attacks of anxiety, apprehension and then terror
The retention of encoded material over time
The processing of thoughts
The experience about which a person feels sure that it has happened in the past and the circumstances of the two experiences could be different
Mental representations of kinds or categories of items or ideas
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
A type of therapy in which members of a family are treated
Memory for how things get done; the way perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills are acquired, retained, and used
A personality trait characterized by the behavior of communicating without being afraid to speak one’s mind
The term used in the study of psychology and philosophy to denote the degree of truth that one holds towards his own spirit, personality, character
The sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Memory processes associated with preservation of recent experiences and with retrieval of information from long-term memory; short-term memory is of limited capacity and stores information for only a short length of time without rehearsal
The psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones
The systematic destruction of one group of people, often an ethnic or racial group, by another
A property that is exhibited by a person, belief or action and which indicates the presence of poor learning abilities or low intelligence in that person or entity
The phase of learning at an early age when a person forms a specific pattern of behavior
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
The actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment
The field of psychology devoted to understanding the ways people stay healthy, the reasons they become ill, and the ways they respond when they become ill
External influences on behavior
The capacity to make a full commitment-sexual, emotional, and moral-to another person
Sense concerned with bodily position and movement of the body parts relative to each other
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Preprogrammed tendencies that are essential to a species's survival
A generalized, internal state of feeling
A psychological phenomenon that refers to learned sex-related behaviors and attitudes of males and females
The scientific study of the brain and of the links between brain activity and behavior
Therapy that focuses on ways to unite mind and body to make a person whole
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Therapy that focuses on ways to unite mind and body to make a person whole
An emotional or physicl reaction to demanding events or stimuli
Behavioral guidelines for acting in certain ways in certain situations
In an experimental setting, a factor that varies in amount and kind
A person's mental model of his or her abilities and attributes
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Memory processes associated with the preservation of information for retrieval at any later time
Processes of knowing, including attending, remembering, and reasoning; also the content of the processes, such as concepts and memories
The stage in a classical conditioning experiment during which the conditioned response is first elicited by the conditioned stimulus
The area of psychological investigation concerned with understanding the nature of individual pathologies of mind, mood, and behavior
An emotion of personal regret felt by an individual after committing an act that is considered to be hurtful, shameful or violent
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
All of the external factors around us that influence us
Sensory memory that allows auditory information to be stored for brief durations
Intensive observation of a particular individual or small group of individuals
A universal, inherited, primitive, and symbolic representation of a particular experience or object
Nerve cells in the visual system that combine impulses from many receptors and transmit the results to ganglion cells
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
Memory processes associated with the preservation of information for retrieval at any later time
The area of psychological investigation concerned with understanding the nature of individual pathologies of mind, mood, and behavior
A mental state in which an individual reaches the extreme position of the intensity spectrum of anger
Judgments about the causes of outcomes
Prejudice against older people, similar to racism and sexism in its negative stereotypes
Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом:
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Встановіть відповідність між дефініцією та словом :
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THEY WILL FOCUS ___ THE WAY SOCIETY SHAPES PERSONAL ATTITUDES.
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ENCODING PREPARES INFORMATION __ RETENTION.
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WUNDT ESTABLISHED THE FIRST JOURNAL DEVOTED ___ PUBLISHING RESEARCH ON PSYCHOLOGY.
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AN INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGIST USUALLY WORKS ___ CORPORATIONS.
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JUNG’S INFLUENCE __ OUR SOCIETY AND CULTURE HAS BEEN ENORMOUS.
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MANY EMPLOYERS ARE INTERESTED __ THE SKILLS OF COLLECTING, ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING DATA.
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LANGUAGE IS COMMONLY BELIEVED TO BE A SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION THAT CONSISTS ___ SOUNDS AND WRITTEN SYMBOLS.
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THE IMPACT OF INTELLIGENCE UPON INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR BEGINS __ MEMORY.
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I SHOULD INSIST __ YOUR ACCEPTING THE PROPER PROFESSIONAL FEE AS A GREAT PSYCHOLOGIST.
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HE HAS BEEN COMPLAINING ____ A TERRIBLE HEADACHE ALL DAY.
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IT IS DIFFICULT TO SEPARATE THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ___ SUCH FACTORS AS DIET, SMOKING.
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COLORS HAVE A STRONG INFLUENCE __ US.
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I AM PROUD TO BE PART OF SUCH A GREAT TEAM OF PEOPLE AND LOOK FORWARD ___ BEING HERE FOR MANY YEARS TO COME.
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FREUD CONCLUDED THAT PERSONALITY AND OUR DEGREES OF MENTAL HEALTH DEPEND __ THE ACTIONS OF THREE MAJOR FACTORS: THE ID, THE EGO AND SUPEREGO.
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THE EXPERIENCE OF FEELING STRESSED DEPENDS __ WHAT EVENTS ONE NOTICES AND HOW ONE APPRAISES THEM.
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HUMANISTIC THERAPY FOCUSES __ PERSONAL ANXIETIES.
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PRIMATES ARE SIMILAR __ HUMANS.
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GENES HAVE A GREATER INFLUENCE __ PEOPLE THAN WE THINK.
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MEMORY DEPENDS __ GETTING SUFFICIENT SLEEP BETWEEN TRAINING AND TEST.
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ALL BIRDS AND MAMMALS SLEEP, AND EVEN INSECTS GO INTO «REST STATES» SIMILAR __ SLEEP.
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PERCEPTION DEPENDS __ WHAT YOU ARE USED TO, WHAT YOU EXPECT, AND THE CONTEXT OF YOUR EXPERIENCE.
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GOOD EYE CONTACT SHOWS THAT YOU ARE INTERESTED ___ YOUR CLIENTS.
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THE SCHOOL MUST FIRST OF ALL CONTRIBUTE __ THE SATISFACTION OF NEEDS OF GROWING BOYS AND GIRLS.
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MOST PEOPLE ARE FAMILIAR __ THE NAME SIGMUND FREUD.
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PEOPLE WITH PERSONALITY DISORDERS ARE NOT INTERESTED __ HAVING MEANINGFUL RELATIONS.
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THE SURROUNDING CUES AND FEATURES OF THE ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTE __ THE TOTAL PROCESS OF PERCEPTION.
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THE MOST IMPORTANT SLEEP STAGE IS REM SLEEP, WHEN THE SLEEPING BRAIN DIFFERS MOST __ THE WAKING BRAIN.
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TOO MUCH LIGHT AND OUR MODERN WAY OF LIFE CAN HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT _ OUR SLEEPING PATTERNS.
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YOUR HEREDITY IS RESPONSIBLE __ SUCH PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AS YOUR SEX, THE COLOR OF YOUR HAIR, SKIN AND EYES.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
WHY ARE PEOPLE SO DIFFERENT____ EACH OTHER?
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
THIS AREA OF PSYCHOLOGY EXAMINES HUMAN NATURE AND HOW ALL PEOPLE ARE SIMILAR __ ONE OTHER.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, IN OTHER WORDS, HOW PEOPLE DIFFER __ EACH OTHER.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
INDIVIDUALS DIFFER __ ONE ANOTHER IN THEIR ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND COMPLEX IDEAS AND TO ADAPT EFFECTIVELY TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
STRESS LEADS __ INCREASED SECRETION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN STOMACH.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY TO PAY ATTENTION __ CERTAIN BODILY SENSATIONS.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
THIS INDIVIDUAL IS SUFFERING __ DEPRESSION.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND WEIGHT LOSS BOTH LEAD __ WEAKNESS AND FATIGUE.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
FEAR IS BASED __ A FORMLESS DANGER.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
A SLEEP DIARY IS VERY USEFUL TOOL FOR IDENTIFYING SLEEP DISORDERS AND PROBLEMS THAT MAY BE CONTRIBUTING __ YOUR DIFFICULTIES.
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Виберіть правильний прийменник :
EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION IS THE CAPACITY TO BE AWARE __ EXTERNAL EVENTS WITHOUT THE USE OF ONE OF THE CONVENTIONAL SENSES SUCH AS VISION OR HEARING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THIS ACADEMIC COURSE (TO FOCUS) ON CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
STUDENTS (TO EXAMINE) EFFECTS ON COLOR PERCEPTION LAST WEEK.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
CURRENTLY STUDENTS (TO DESIGN) AN EXPERIMENT TO TEST SELECTIVE ATTENTION.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE ACADEMY (TO INTEREST) IN A SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST AND A PSYCHOMETRICIAN FOR TEMPORARY CONTRACTS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
CURRENTLY NEW FIELDS IN PSYCHOLOGY (TO EMERGE).
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IN 1879, WILHELM WUNDT, KNOWN AS “THE FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY” (TO FOUND) A LABORATORY FOR THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY AT LEIPZIG UNIVERSITY IN GERMANY.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGIST HANS SEYLE (TO BE) THE MOST INFLUENTIAL RESEARCHER AND WRITER ON STRESS FOR CENTURIES.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
MANY PSYCHOLOGISTS (TO EMPLOY) BY ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, CONSULTING FIRMS, INTERNAL HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIES AND GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
LOSS OF MEMORY (TO KNOW) AS AMNESIA.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE (TO STUDY) BY THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND ANTHROPOLOGY.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
DECISION-MAKING (TO SAY) TO BE A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
RECENT STUDIES (TO BEGIN) TO SHED LIGHT ON THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT MAY ACCOUNT FOR SUCH LINKS BETWEEN EMOTIONS AND CANCER.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
RECENTLY PSYCHOLOGISTS (TO DEVELOP) A VARIETY OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES TO HELP PEOPLE STOP SMOKING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THERE ARE MANY WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE (TO GIFT).
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THIS AREA OF GIFTEDNESS RECENTLY (TO RECEIVE) CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE SCIENTISTS JUST (TO HAVE) THEIR ANNUAL MEETING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE STUDENTS (TO WORK) AT THEIR ESSAYS FOR TWO HOURS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
SHE (TO TEACH) ENGLISH TO FOREIGN STUDENTS SINCE SHE LEFT COLLEGE.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE STUDENTS (TO DISCUSS) THE ARTICLE YESTERDAY THE WHOLE MORNING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THEY (TO PRACTICE) ENGLISH ALL DAY TOMORROW.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
WE (TO FLY) TO LONDON AT THIS TIME TOMORROW.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
SHE (TO READ) UP FOR HER EXAM THE WHOLE DAY YESTERDAY.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE NEWS (TO ANNOUNCE) AFTER DINNER TOMORROW.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE LECTURES (TO LISTEN) TO THE REPORT WITH GREAT INTEREST LAST TIME.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE QUESTION (NOT TO DISCUSS) AT THE LAST CONFERENCE.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES OFTEN (TO PUBLISH) IN THIS MAGAZINE.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF HE (TO WORK) HARD, HE WILL PASS THE EXAMS WELL.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF I (TO RECEIVE) ANY NEWS, I WOULD LET YOU KNOW.
_______
Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
YOU WOULD KNOW ENGLISH BETTER IF YOU (TO PRACTICE) IT MORE.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF HE (TO PREPARE) FOR THE EXAM MORE THOROUGHLY THEN, HE WOULD HAVE GOT BETTER MARK.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THESE FACTS (NOT TO MENTION) IN THE REPORT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE STUDENTS ALREADY (TO PASS) ALL THEIR CREDIT-TESTS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THOSE RESEARCH METHODS (NOT TO APPLY) LONG AGO.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OFTEN (TO CONDUCT) IN THE LABORATORY UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
I (TO THINK) ABOUT DOING A PRESENTATION ON SLEEP AND THE BRAIN RIGHT NOW.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF SHE (TO GO) TO BED EARLIER, SHE WOULD FALL ASLEEP VERY QUICKLY.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
HE USUALLY (TO FEEL) SLEEPY AFTER A BIG LUNCH.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
LAST TIME SHE (TO HAVE) SLEEPLESS NIGHT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
RECENTLY I (TO SUCCEED) IN SHOWING YOU THAT SLEEP IS A VERY IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING SUBJECT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
SHE ALREADY (TO TAKE) A COURSE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY, DEVELOPING HER SKILLS AS A COUNSELLOR.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUE RECENTLY (TO RISE) IN POPULARITY BOTH IN PRACTICAL USE AND MEDIA PORTRAYALS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
TEENAGERS OFTEN WANT (TO ACCEPT) BY OTHERS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
SUCH STRESSFUL SITUATION ALREADY (TO GIVE) RISE TO HELPLESSNESS AND DEPRESSION.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
PEER PRESSURE DEFINITELY (TO PLAY) A ROLE IN BULLYING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
SHE (TO RESPECT) BY HER COLLEAGUES FOR HER PRACTICAL ADVICE AND SENSIBLE COMMENTS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
MANY PEOPLE ARE MARRYING AT A LATER AGE THAN THEY (TO DO) SOME YEARS AGO.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
PSYCHOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT ONE IN THREE OF US (TO OBSESS) WITH CELEBRITIES.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
MY DAUGHTER (TO BECOME) MORE INDEPENDENT SINCE HER TRIP TO THAILAND.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
THEY SAID THAT HE (TO BE) A RESPONSIBLE LABORATORY ASSISTANT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
HE SAID THAT HE (TO BE) ABSENT BECAUSE OF THE TERRIBLE HEADACHE THE DAY BEFORE.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF YOU (TO TELL) THE TRUTH, YOU WOULDN’T HAVE SUCH PROBLEMS.
_______
Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF PEOPLE (TO KNOW) MORE ABOUT ME, THEY WOULD LIKE ME LESS.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
If you (to be) ill-prepared, you will fail your test.
_______
Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
ALL OF THESE THEORIES (TO BASE) MORE ON CONJECTURE THAN RESEARCH.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
I (TO STRUGGLE) WITH SLEEP PROBLEMS ALL LAST NIGHT.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
IF YOU (NOT TO IGNORE) YOUR SLEEP PROBLEMS, YOU WOULD HAVE BETTER EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING.
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Впишіть правильну відповідь (в поля потрібно вписати дієслово, яке знаходиться в дужках в правильній формі)
WHEN TWO DOZEN PROMINENT PSYCHOLOGISTS (TO ASK) TO DEFINE INTELLIGENCE, THEY GAVE TWO DOZEN SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS.
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Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Depression is the most widespread psychological disorder. And it has been strongly on the rise recently, if you were born after 1960, you are ten times more likely to become depressed than _______. Depression is the common cause of mental illness. Almost everyone has felt depression, at least _______. Feeling blue, low, sad, downhearted, discouraged, and unhappy are all common depressive experiences. But familiarity does not produce understanding; for it is only in the last two decades that _______. Today the great majority of individuals suffering from severe depressions can be helped. We also now know a great deal about its causes.
Loss and pain are inevitable parts of _______. Sometimes people we care for reject us, we write bad papers, our stocks go down, we fail to get the job we want, people we love die. Almost everyone reacts to loss with _______.
1. major advances have been made.
2. some of the symptoms of depression.
3. were your grandparents.
4. a period of maturation, or information consolidation.
5. in its mild forms.
6. growing up and growing older.
7. to feel sleepy during the day.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
One of the most influential classification approaches in the study of emotions is Robert Plutchik’s eight primary emotions. These consist of anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, _______.
Like primary colors, primary emotions are believed to blend together to _______. Plutchik makes an evolutionary argument for the primacy of these eight by showing that _______. They are considered to be part of our biological heritage and _______.
Paul Eckman devised a similar list of basic emotions from cross cultural research on the Fore tribesmen of Papua New Guinea. His finding that even an isolated, stone age culture can reliably identify the emotional expressions of fear, anger, happiness, sadness, and disgust lends further support to the view that at least some emotions _______.
1. form the full spectrum of human emotional experience.
2. built into human nature.
3. each is related to behavior with survival value.
4. to answer your questions.
5. curiosity, acceptance, and joy.
6. to make your trip a safe one.
7. are primary, innate, and universal in all human beings.
Depression is widely regarded as a disorder of mood, but _______. There are actually four sets of symptoms in depression. In addition to mood or emotional symptoms, there are thought or cognitive symptoms, motivational symptoms, and _______. An individual does not have to have all these symptoms to be correctly diagnosed as «depressed», but the more symptoms he or she has and the more intense is each set, the more confident we can be that _______.
When a depressed patient is asked how she feels, the most common adjectives she uses are: sad, blue, miserable, helpless, hopeless, lonely, unhappy, downhearted, worthless, humiliated, _______.
This melancholic mood varies with time of day. Most commonly, depressed people feel worse in the morning, and the mood seems to lighten a bit as _______. Along with feelings sadness, feelings of anxiety are very often present in depression.
1. physical or somatic symptoms.
2. ashamed, worried, useless, guilty.
3. that are best suited to their personality.
4. this is an oversimplification.
5. important information about your personality.
6. the individual is suffering from depression.
7. the day goes on.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Making memories occurs through a three step process, which can be enhanced by sleep. The three steps are as follows: 1) Acquisition which is the process of storage and retrieval of new information in memory. 2) Consolidation. 3) Recall.
Sleep does not affect acquisition or recall _______. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which show that sleep improves the retention of memory, as _______. System consolidation takes place during slow-wave sleep (SWS). This process implicates that memories are reactivated during sleep, but that the process doesn’t enhance every memory. It also implicates that qualitative changes are made to the memories when _______. When you are sleeping, the hippocampus replays the events of the day for the neocortex. The neocortex then reviews and processes memories, which moves them into long-term memory. When you do not get enough sleep it makes it more difficult to learn as these neural connections are not as strong, resulting in a lower retention rate of memories. Sleep deprivation makes it harder to focus, _______. Furthermore, some studies have shown that sleep deprivation can _______.
1. memories are enhanced through active consolidation.
2. lead to false memories.
3. while one is awake.
4. they are transferred to long-term store during sleep.
5. you have a safe and happy stay.
6. look through the peephole before opening it.
7. resulting in inefficient learning.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Sleep can often be a barometer of your overall health. In many cases, people in good health tend to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, _______. Sleeping well is essential to your physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency, and _______. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance, and relationship stress. If you want to feel your best, stay healthy, and perform up to your potential, sleep is a necessity, _______.
It’s not normal to feel sleepy during the day, to have problems getting to sleep at night, or _______. But even if you’ve struggled with sleep problems for so long that it seems normal, you can still learn to sleep better. You can start by tracking your symptoms and sleep patterns, and then making healthy changes to your daytime habits and bedtime routine. If self-help doesn’t do the trick, you can turn to sleep specialists _______.
1. ability to handle stress.
2. to drink only purified water.
3. on rare occasions.
4. to wake up feeling exhausted.
5. be it minor or serious.
6. who are trained in sleep medicine.
7. not a luxury.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that _______. It is caused by a dysfunction of the brain mechanism that _______. If you have narcolepsy, you may have «sleep attacks» while _______.Common signs and symptoms of narcolepsy include: 1) Seeing or hearing things when you’re drowsy or starting to dream before _______. 2) Suddenly feeling weak or losing control of your muscles when you’re laughing, angry, or _______. 3) Dreaming right away after going to sleep or having intense dreams. 4) Feeling paralyzed and unable to move when you’re waking up or dozing off.
1. in the middle of talking, working, or even driving.
2. you’re fully asleep.
3. they enter through the arrivals terminal.
4. there are beautiful beaches.
5. involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness.
6. experiencing other strong emotions.
7. controls sleeping and waking.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
We all have an internal biological clock that regulates our 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, also known as _______. Light is the primary cue that influences circadian rhythms. When the sun comes up in the morning, the brain tells the body that _______. At night, when there is less light, your brain triggers the release of melatonin, _______.
When your circadian rhythms are disrupted or thrown off, you may feel groggy, disoriented, and _______. Circadian rhythms have been linked to a variety or sleeping problems and sleep disorders, including insomnia, jet lag, and _______. Abnormal circadian rhythms have also been implicated in depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (the winter blues).
1. a hormone that makes you sleepy.
2. or a regular trip made every year.
3. our circadian rhythms.
4. pilgrims on a walking tour to a holy place.
5. it’s time to wake up.
6. sleepy at inconvenient times.
7. shift work sleep difficulties.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Jet lag is a temporary disruption in circadian rhythms that occurs when _______. Symptoms include daytime sleepiness, fatigue, headache, stomach problems, and insomnia. The symptoms typically appear within a day or two after flying across two or more time zones. The longer the flight, _______. The direction of flight also makes a difference. Flying east tends to cause worse jet lag than flying west.
When you travel, it usually takes time for your internal clock to reset itself. In the meantime, you feel tired, get hungry at the wrong hours, and _______. However, there are ways to help reset your internal clock when you travel through time zones. If you’ll be traveling through several time zones, as when flying coast to coast, _______. For example, three days before you plan to travel from the West Coast to the East Coast, go to bed half an hour earlier than usual, and _______. The next night, go to bed an hour earlier than usual and get up an hour earlier. The day before you travel, make it 90 minutes. By the fourth day – the day of your trip – you’ll find it easier to adjust to your new time zone.
1. the more pronounced the symptoms.
2. on rare occasions.
3. get up half an hour earlier the next morning.
4. you travel across time zones.
5. you can gradually adjust your sleep time.
6. want to go to sleep at inopportune times.
7. to develop new skills and interests.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Shift work sleep disorder occurs when your work schedule and your biological clock are out of sync. In our 24-hour society, many workers have to work night shifts, early morning shifts, or rotating shifts. These schedules force you to work when your body is telling you to go to sleep, and sleep when _______.
While some people adjust better than others to the demands of shift work, most shift workers get less quality sleep than _______. As a result of sleep deprivation, many shift workers struggle with sleepiness and mental lethargy on the job. This cuts into their productivity and _______. There are a numbers of things you can do to reduce the impact of shift work on sleep: 1) Take regular breaks and minimize the frequency of shift changes. 2) When changing shifts, request a shift that’s later, rather than earlier as it’s easier to adjust forward in time, rather than backward. 3) Naturally regulate your sleep-wake cycle by increasing light exposure at work (use bright lights) and limiting light exposure when it’s time to sleep. 4) Avoid TV and computer screens, use blackout shades or heavy curtains _______. 5) Consider taking melatonin when _______.
1. their daytime counterparts.
2. to grow in popularity.
3. puts them at risk of injury.
4. your body is signaling you to wake.
5. to develop new skills and interests.
6. to block out daylight in your bedroom.
7. it’s time for you to sleep.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Every psychologist must know how _______. As a clinician, you must determine how patients feel. This is often difficult. Sometimes, people have trouble expressing emotions. Some may claim to be angry, but _______. Others may mistake awe for love.
Most feelings are complicated. They are the result of _______. Remorse, for example, requires emotions of both sadness and disgust. Other emotions interfere with the ability _______. As a result, they are difficult to discuss. This is often true with aggressiveness and submission.
Furthermore, feelings can change very quickly. Someone might feel optimism at the beginning of the day. Then, he or she receives news of a friend’s death. Suddenly, the person feels extreme grief instead. The person might also feel anxiety about the future. On the other hand, some feelings _______. For example, an employee might feel contempt for his or her boss. This may take years to become acceptance.
1. to communicate effectively.
2. find it impossible to stay awake.
3. to talk to patients.
4. take a while to change.
5. more than one emotion.
6. are really experiencing disappointment.
7. their most hair-raising flying experiences.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
What causes stress? Everyone has different stressors, but _______. Positive and negative life events often lead people to feel stress. These include major events like moving, getting married, and _______.
When a stressful event occurs, _______. The first stage is alarm. Your body fills with energy to fight the stressor. If the stressor still persists, _______. The body still wants to fight but it is losing energy. The final stage is exhaustion. This is an undesirable state of extreme tiredness.
Your response to stress relates to _______. An accurate primary appraisal is very important. It helps you understand the nature of the problem. This ensures a realistic secondary appraisal, or plan of action. Then, you can cope with the stress more effectively.
1. your body goes through three stages.
2. some are more common than others.
3. the body moves on to resistance.
4. changing jobs.
5. you have a safe and happy stay.
6. to your travels and holidays.
7. how you perceive it.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Human beings spend about one-third of their lives in the altered state of consciousness _______. Sleep is a natural state of rest characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement and _______. Yet the nature of sleep has puzzled mankind for thousands of years. It is only in the last quarter of a century that researchers have made scientific attempts _______. They tried to find out why some people have enormous difficulty falling asleep, while others _______. Far from being a passive state, sleep is a remarkably active one. While the sleeper is outwardly calm, the electrical activity of the brain never stops. As the sleep becomes deeper and deeper, the brain-waves become larger and more spread out. While the sleeper still thinks thoughts and moves occasionally, the metabolic processes slow down and the heartbeat drops until _______.
1. to investigate this world.
2. deep sleep is reached.
3. decreased awareness of the surroundings.
4. more than one emotion.
5. known as sleep.
6. find it impossible to stay awake.
7. who can give you the latest news.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
No one who has tried to stay awake longer than 20 hours at a time could doubt the necessity of sleep. When people are sleep-deprived, they crave sleep just as strongly as _______. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive skills to a greater extent than many people realize. When deprived of sleep we react more slowly, have more trouble focusing attention, and _______.
Humans are not alone in their need for sleep. All birds and mammals sleep, and although are not sure about reptiles, frogs and fish, and even insects _______.
How long organisms sleep, where, in what positions, and other details _______. In general, large animals sleep less than small animals, perhaps because _______.
Elephants get by on about 4 hours sleep, and giraffes on only 2 hours. In contrast, bats, armadillos, and opossums sleep more than 18 hours a day.
1. go into «rest states» similar to sleep.
2. vary from species to species.
3. they would crave food or water after a period of deprivation.
4. eating enough to support their size requires more time awake.
5. are more prone to making errors in judgment.
6. judged by different criteria.
7. can be treated by doctors.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Many theorists have been proposed to explain the purposes of dreaming. Sigmund Freud (1900), who analyzed clients’ dreams in therapy, believed that _______. He thought that people fulfill ungratified needs from waking hours through wishful thinking in dreams.
Other theorists, such as Rosalind Cartwright, have proposed that dreams provide an opportunity _______. According to her cognitive, problem-solving view, there is considerable continuity between waking and sleeping thought. Proponents of this theory believe that dreams allow people to engage in creative thinking about problems because _______.
All of these theories are based more on _______. In part, this is because the private, subjective nature of dreams makes it difficult _______. Thus, the purpose of dreaming remains a mystery.
1. to work through everyday problems
2. to put the theories to an empirical test.
3. conjecture than research.
4. dreams are not restrained by logic or realism.
5. the principal purpose of dreams is wish fulfillment.
6. influence our perceptions.
7. as sleep stages.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Sleep is important because _______. Appropriate rhythms are essential to healthy body function. The body uses melatonin to _______. The sleep cycle itself is a circadian rhythm. It should occur once a day. If it doesn’t, the body _______.
The sleep cycle includes several ultradian rhythms.These are knows _______. They shouldn’t be confused with infradian rhythms, which occur much less frequently. The most important sleep stage is REM sleep. This is when _______. During wakefulness, the brain produces alpha waves. During REM sleep, it produces delta waves instead.
1. as sleep stages.
2. regulate these important processes.
3. can be treated by doctors.
4. could experience internal desynchronization.
5. who can give you the latest news.
6. it affects biological rhythms.
7. the sleeping brain differs most from the waking brain.
Of all features that distinguish man from animals, the most striking and the most complex is his ability to make sense to himself and _______. He perceives, learns, thinks, remembers, and _______. The general term used for the study of these abilities is cognition.
Through the senses we receive information _______. We have at least eleven senses, but the five main ones are taste, touch, smell, hearing and sight. Each of these senses supplies a different quality of information about environment, but they normally work in harmony _______. The brain is the control centre and the nerves resemble message lines, _______.
1. communicates in language and symbol to others.
2. enjoy your trip.
3. transmitting information from our senses to our brain.
4. to others of the world around him.
5. who can give you the latest news.
6. to give us a complex multi-dimensional impression of the world.
7. about the world around us.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
What we sense we interpret, and this psychological process is called «perception». By perception we mean the process by which we become aware of and interpret or _______. There are a lot of factors that _______. Inheritance seems to be one factor. Depth perception, for example, is a response that is found in very young children, and _______. Learning is another influence. Perception depends on what you are used to, what you expect, and _______.
Our learning experiences also help us to understand the differences in the sensations we receive.
Inheritance and experience are not the only factors which affect our understanding of the stimuli from our senses. All the different cues about the stimulus will determine the way _______. The surrounding cues and features of the environment, derivable from all our different senses, collectively, contribute to the total process of perception.
1. the context of your experience.
2. we interpret it.
3. influence our perceptions.
4. its beautiful beaches and sunny skies.
5. who can give you the latest news.
6. identify the sensations we receive.
7. also in new-born animals.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
It is generally recognized that there are two steps in the treatment of phobias. The first step involves the victim coming face-to-face with the phobia. For example, someone who has a phobia of flying will start the following hierarchy: watching a video about the safety of flying, meeting frequent flyers, visiting a plane when it is on the ground, or _______.
Finally, it is important for victims of phobias to remember that _______. A person with a phobia may rarely come into contact with the cause of their phobia and will normally behave in _______.
As well as there not necessarily being a reason for a phobia, it is true that the victim only needs to anticipate the situation in which _______. This will most often result in anxiety-related physical occurrences, such as an increased heart rate, a loss of breath, sweating, trembling, _______.
1. exactly the same way as everyone else.
2. experiencing a short flight.
3. and to travel.
4. pain in the stomach or worse.
5. a phobia is a normal condition.
6. to make your trip a safe one.
7. the phobia may take place.
There are three types of phobias. Firstly, there is agoraphobia, which is the only condition that _______. This is a fear of leaving home or _______. The second type is social phobias, which involve the victim with other people or in social situations _______. For example, someone with a strong phobia for speaking in public may be physically incapable of opening their mouth.
Finally, there are specific phobias. These phobias are usually caused by a single event or thing and can be very strange. For example, people who go into a panic attack if _______. As these are really unique and so different from each other, they require a different treatment for each one, which _______.
1. leaving a place that feels safe.
2. enjoy your trip.
3. which are potentially embarrassing.
4. makes correct identification of phobias especially important.
5. can be treated by doctors.
6. his behavior is bad.
7. they see a clown or a vegetable.
Заповніть пропуски цифрами, які відповідають пропущеному фрагменту у тексті (два фрагменти є зайвими):
Emotion, in its most general definition, is an intense mental state that arises automatically in the nervous system rather than _______. Then it evokes either a positive or negative psychological response.
An emotion is often differentiated from a feeling. It is not easy to come up with a generally acceptable definition of emotion. According to Damasio, feeling can be viewed as the subjective experience of an emotion that _______. Many psychologists adopt the ABC model, which defines emotions _______. They are (1) physiological arousal, (2) behavioral expression (e.g. facial expressions), and (3) conscious experience or _______. All these attributes are necessary for a full- fledged emotional event, though _______.
1. in terms of three fundamental attributes.
2. the intensity of each may vary greatly.
3. through conscious effort.
4. makes correct identification of phobias especially important.
5. the subjective feeling of an emotion.
6. arises physiologically in the brain.
7. his behavior is bad.